Teachers’ Enneagram Personality Types, Their Perceived Organizational Culture and Mediation Attitudes*
top of page
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute

Education Quarterly Reviews

ISSN 2621-5799

asia institute of research, journal of education, education journal, education quarterly reviews, education publication, education call for papers
asia institute of research, journal of education, education journal, education quarterly reviews, education publication, education call for papers
asia institute of research, journal of education, education journal, education quarterly reviews, education publication, education call for papers
asia institute of research, journal of education, education journal, education quarterly reviews, education publication, education call for papers
crossref
doi
open access

Published: 18 January 2024

Teachers’ Enneagram Personality Types, Their Perceived Organizational Culture and Mediation Attitudes*

Pelin Karaduman, Münevver Çetin

Dogus University, Marmara University

asia institute of research, journal of education, education journal, education quarterly reviews, education publication, education call for papers
pdf download

Download Full-Text Pdf

doi

10.31014/aior.1993.07.01.797

Pages: 1-17

Keywords: Enneagram, Organizational Culture, Mediation

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between teachers' enneagram personality types, their perceived organizational culture and mediation attitudes. Structural equation modeling is used in the study. The sample of the study consists of 463 teachers who work at primary, secondary and high school levels in public schools in Istanbul, Turkey. Enneagram Personality Scale, School Culture Scale, and Mediation Attitude Scale are used in the study. According to the results of the study, there are significant relationships between teachers' enneagram personality types, mediation attitudes, and organizational culture. Also, among the teachers' personality types Type 9, Type 8 and Type 1 predict teachers' mediation attitudes and organizational culture has a mediating role in the relationship between teachers' personality types and mediation attitudes. Therefore, personality types and the culture of the school should not be ignored for teachers to be able to mediate and to be guided to mediate.

References

  1. Aktürk, Z., & Taştan, K. (2020). Frequency of personality types based on enneagram in a Turkish sample: A web-based cross-sectional study. Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi, 12(2), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.722751

  2. Alikılıç, Ö. (2017). Arabuluculukta etkili iletişim/ Arabuluculukta etkili yöntemler ve iletişim yönetimi [Effective communication in mediation / Effective methods and communication management in mediation]. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.

  3. Amar, D. D. (2007). The labor and employment lawyer’s job: A survival guide. American Bar Association.

  4. Andre, S. (2014). Reliability and validation study of the online instinctual variant questionnaire. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Florida Atlantic University,The Faculty of The College of Education, U.S.

  5. Antonioni, D. (1998). Relationship between the big five personality factors and conflict management styles. International journal of conflict management, 9(4), 336-355.

  6. Arpaguş, A. U. (2011). Okul kültürünün öğretmen davranışlarına etkisi [The effect of school culture on teacher behaviors ] (Master's thesis). Trakya Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Edirne.

  7. Astor, H. (2007). Mediator neutrality: Making sense of theory and practice. Social & Legal Studies, 16(2), 221-239. doi: 10.1177/0964663907076531

  8. Ayık, A. & Ada, Ş. (2009). İlköğretim okullarında oluşturulan okul kültürü ile okulların etkililiği arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between school culture and school effectiveness in primary schools]. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 429-446.

  9. Bağdatlı, F. (2015). Okul yöneticilerinin çatışma yönetimi stilleri ile örgüt kültürü arasındaki ilişki[The relationship between school administrators' conflict management styles and organizational culture] (Master's thesis). İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.

  10. Baron, R.M., & Kenny, D.A. (1986). The Moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 (6), 1173- 1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173

  11. Beard, G. (2012). Everything you need to know about mediation. BrainMass Ebook.

  12. Bercovitch, J., & Jackson, R. . (2009). Conflict resolution in the twenty-first century: principles, methods, and approaches. University of Michigan Press.

  13. Boulle, L. J., Colatrella, M. T. Jr., & Picchioni, A. P. (2008). Mediation: skills and techniques. Lexis Nexis Matthew Bender.

  14. Bowers, (2000). The rural mediation service. Marian Liebmann (Ed.), Mediation in context içinde (ss.96-111). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

  15. Bowling, D., & Hoffman, D. (2003). Bringing peace into the room: The personal qualities of the mediator and their impact on the mediation. Bowling, D. ve Hoffman, D. (Eds.) Bringing peace into the room: The personal qualities of the mediator and their impact on the mediation içinde (ss13-49.) John Wiley & Sons.

  16. Brett, J. M., Drieghe, R., & Shapiro, D. L. (1986). Mediator style and mediation effectiveness. Negotiation Journal, 2(3), 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.1986.tb00365.x

  17. Cameron, K. S., & Quinn, R. E. (2006). Diagnosing and changing organizational culture: Based on the competing values framework. San Francisco, C A.: John Wiley & Sons.

  18. Carnevale, P. J. (1986). Strategic choice in mediation. Negotiation Journal, 2(1), 41-56.

  19. Cloke, K. (2002). Mediating dangerously: The frontiers of conflict resolution. San Francisco, C A.: John Wiley & Sons.

  20. Collins, H. (2005). The most important personal qualities a mediator needs. https://icfml.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/the20mostimportantpersonalqualitiesamediatorneeds_collins2005.pdf

  21. Cooley, J. W. (2006). The mediator’s handbook: Advanced practice guide for civil litigation. USA: National Institute for Trial Advocacy.

  22. Crawley, J, & Graham, K. (2002). Mediation for managers: Resolving conflict and rebuilding relationships at work (1st edition). London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing

  23. Curtis, D. (2015). Chapter 24 mediation and care management. Cress, C. (Ed.), Handbook of geriatric care managementiçinde (ss. 511-541). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

  24. Dağlı, B. (2013). Liderin çatışma yönetiminde arabuluculuk rolü[The mediation role of the leader in conflict management] (Master’s thesis). Kara Harp Okulu Komutanlığı, Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüsü.

  25. Deal, T. E., & Peterson, K. D. (2016). Shaping school culture. San Francisco, C.A.: Jossey-Bass.

  26. Demirtaş, Z. (2010). Liselerde okul kültürü ile öğrenci başarısı arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between school culture and student achievement in high schools]. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(13), 208-223.

  27. Denison, D. R., & Spreitzer, G. M. (1991). Organizational culture and organizational development: A competing values approach. Research in organizational change and development, 5(1), 1-21.

  28. Diaz, R. (2007). Ten keys to successful mediation. https://www.diazmediation.com/user/V2%20Ten%20Keys%20to%20Successful%20Mediation.pdf

  29. Duffy, J. (2010). Empathy, neutrality and emotional intelligence: A balancing act for the emotional Einstein. Queensland U. Tech. L. & Just. J., 10, 44.

  30. Erkmen, T., & Bozkurt, S. (2011). Örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel bağlılık ilişkisinin incelenmesine yönelik bir araştırma [A research on the relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment]. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 31(2), 197-227.

  31. Erkuş, A., & Tabak, A. (2010). Beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin çalişanlarin çatişma yönetim tarzlarina etkisi: savunma sanayisinde bir araştırma [the effect of five factor personality traits on employees' conflict management styles: a research in defense industry]. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 23(2), 213-242.

  32. Ferda, F., & Karabulut, Y. (2004). Sunuş. İçinde D. N. Daniels ve Price V. A. Enneagram Kendini Bilme Sanatı [Presentation, The Enneagram The Art of Self-Knowledge]. Seda Çiftçi (Çev.) (s.7-8). İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları

  33. Forrester, W. R., & Tashchian, A. (2013). Effects of personality on conflict resolution in student teams: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC), 10(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v10i1.7529

  34. Frenkel, D. N., & Stark, J. H. (2018). The practice of mediation: A video-integrated text. New York: Aspen Publishers.

  35. Garner, E. (2012). Understanding personality types: Managing people through their personality traits. Ventus Publishing. www.bookboon.com. http://bookboon.com/en/understanding-personality-types-ebook.

  36. George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.). Boston: Pearson.

  37. Goldberg, S. B. (2005). The secrets of successful mediators. Negotiation Journal, 21(3), 365-376.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.2005.00069.x

  38. Goldberg, S. B., Sander, F. E. A., & Rogers, N.H. (1992). Dispute resolution: Negotiations, mediation and other processes. London: Little, Brown and Company.

  39. Gordon, J. (2015). Empathy in mediation listening between the lines. GordonADR, LLC. https://www.gordonadr.com/Artwork/Empathy%20in%20Mediation.pdf

  40. Gruenert, S., & Whitaker, T. (2015). School culture rewired: How to define, assess, and transform it. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

  41. Güloğlu, F. (2011). Çatışan öğrenciler ile arabulucu öğrencilerin “akran arabuluculuk” uygulamalarına ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesi [Examining the views of conflicted students and mediator students on "peer mediation" practices] (Master’s thesis). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.

  42. Handy, C. B. (1976). Understanding organizations. Penguin Books.

  43. Harrison, R. (1972). Organization's character. Harward Business Review, ss. 119-128.

  44. Hebenstreit, R. P. (2008). A call to apply the principles of the enneagram in organizations to attract, retain and motivate employees. Enneagram Journal, 1(1), 4-21.

  45. Himmetoğlu, B. (2014). İlkokullardaki öğretmen görüşlerine göre okul kültürü ile yöneticilerin çatışma yönetimi stilleri arasındaki ilişkilerin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of the relationship between school culture and administrators' conflict management styles according to primary school teachers' views](Master thesis). Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.

  46. Hox, J. J. ve Bechger, T. M. (1999). An introduction to structural equation modeling. Family Science Review, 11, 354-373

  47. Isenhart, M. W., & Spangle, M. L. (2000). Collaborative approaches to resolving conflict. Sage.

  48. Kaya, Ö. Y. (2015). Örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ilişkisi (Balıkesir ili merkez ilçe örneği) [The relationship between organizational culture and organizational citizenship behavior (The case of central district of Balıkesir province)](Master thesis).Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Balıkesir.

  49. Kaushal, R., & Kwantes, C. T. (2006). The role of culture and personality in choice of conflict management strategy. International journal of intercultural relations, 30(5), 579-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2006.01.001

  50. Kruse, S. D., & Louis, K. S. (2008). Building strong school cultures: A guide to leading change. Corwin Press.

  51. Le Clear, E. A. (2005). Relationships among leadership styles, school culture, and student achievement. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Florida, USA.

  52. Magnuson, K. J. (2011). How personality types have an effect on work team conflicts and conflict management (Doctoral thesis). The College of St. Scholastica, Duluth, MN.

  53. Makani, H. K. (2010). The Enneagram: Your personal path of growth. Forlaget Akasha

  54. McPartlin, J. (2021). The enneagram at work: Unlocking the power of type to lead and succeed. St. Martin's Publishing Group.

  55. Meierding, N. R. (2004). Chapter 11 Managing the communication process in mediation. Jay Folberg, Ann Milne, Peter Salem (Eds.), Divorce and family mediation: Models, techniques, and applications içinde (ss.225-247). New York: Guilford Press.

  56. Meyer, A. L., Farrell, A., Northup, W., Kung, E., & Plybon, L. (2000). Promoting non-violence in early adolescence: Responding in peaceful and positive ways. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.

  57. Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. (2003). Organizational strategy, structure, and process. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

  58. Mnookin, R. (1998). Alternative dispute resolution. Harvard Law School John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics and Business Discussion Paper Series, Paper 232.

  59. Monagan, S. ve James, E. (2010). Problem solving mediation training: Facilitator's guide. Lulu. com.

  60. Moore, C. W. (2014). The mediation process: Practical strategies for resolving conflict. John Wiley & Sons.

  61. Moore, C. W., Jayasundere, R., & Thirunavukarasu, M. (2011). Mediation process trainee’s manual community mediation programme. Community Mediation Program, Sri Lanka Ministiry of Sri Lanka.

  62. Murray, O. R. (2011). The mediation handbook.Denver, Colorado: Bradford Publishing Company.

  63. Nachtigall, C., Kroehne, U., Funke, F. & Steyer, R. (2003). Why should we use SEM? Pros and cons of structural equation modeling. Methods Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 1-22.

  64. Özarallı, N. (2015). Örgüt kültürü ve işe ilişkin duygusal iyilik algısının çalışanların çatışma çözümü tarzları üzerindeki etkisi [The effect of organizational culture and perception of emotional well-being on employees' conflict resolution styles.]. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(2), 7-37.

  65. Özkara, E., & Tunç, B. (2020). Okul yöneticilerinin çatışma yönetim stratejileri ile okul kültürü arasındaki ilişkinin öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between school administrators' conflict management strategies and school culture according to teachers' views.]. Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 53(3), 1023 - 1050. DOI:10.30964/auebfd.693129

  66. Özmen, F., & Aküzüm, C. (2010). Okulların kültürel yapısı içinde çatışmalara bakış açısı ve çatışma çözümünde okul yöneticilerinin liderlik davranışları [The perspective of conflicts in the cultural structure of schools and leadership behaviors of school administrators in conflict resolution.]. Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 78-83.

  67. Palmer, H. (1991). The Enneagram: Understanding yourself and the others in your life. New York: HarperSanFrancisco, A Division of HarperCollins.

  68. Palmer, H. (1995). The Enneagram in love and work: Understanding your intimate and business relationships. New York: HarperCollins.

  69. Pheysey, D. C. (2003). Organizational cultures: Types and transformations. Routledge.

  70. Rahaman, H. M. S., Mollah, M. S. ve Uddin, M. K. (2010). Big five personality factors and conflict handling styles. Dhaka University Journal of Management, 2(1), 13-24.

  71. Rahim, M. A. (2023). Managing conflict in organizations. Routledge Taylor & Francis.

  72. Rahman, K. A. (2012). Mediation and mediator skills: A critical appraisal. Bangladesh Research Foundation Journal, 1(1), 223-232.

  73. Renihan, P. J., Phillips, S., & Raham, H. (2006). The role of the school principal: Present status and future challenges in managing effective schools (Vol. 25). SAEE.

  74. Rhizome (2010). Rhizome guide to Active Listening in Mediation. https://rhizomenetwork.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/active_listening_in_mediation.pdf

  75. Riso, D. R., & Hudson, R. (2003). Discovering your personality type: The essential introduction to the Enneagram. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

  76. Sandu, C. (2013). Mediation. Measuring the success of mediation. Conflict Studies Quarterly, 2, 30-39.

  77. Sarı, R. K., & Helvacı, M. A. (2019). Okulların örgüt kültürü ile değişime hazırbulunuşluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Examining the relationship between organizational culture and readiness for change in schools]. Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 307-320.

  78. Schein, E. H. (2004). Organizational culture and leadership (3rd Edition). San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons.

  79. Schewee III, W. A. (2023). Examining Personality Traits of Teachers Utilizing the Enneagram (Doctoral thesis). Dallas Baptist University.

  80. Shapira, O. (2016). A theory of Mediators' ethics. Foundations, rationale, and application. U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

  81. Shapiro, D. L., Drieghe, R., & Brett, J. M. (1985). Mediator behavior and the outcome of mediation. Journal of Social Issues, 41(2), 101–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1985.tb00857.x

  82. Singh, K. (2007). Predicting organizational commitment through organization culture: A study of automobile industry in India. Journal of business economics and management, 8(1), 29-37.

  83. Subaş, A. (2017). Okul yöneticilerinin "liderlik stilleri" ile "enneagram kişilik tipleri" arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Investigating the relationship between school principals' "leadership styles" and "enneagram personality types"]. (Doctoral thesis). Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.

  84. Subaş, A., & Çetin, M. (2017). Güvenirlik ve geçerlilik çalışması. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (SOBİDER), 4(11), 160-181.

  85. Sucuoğlu, E. (2015). Devlet lisesi öğretmenlerinin çatışma nedenleri ve çatışma yönetimi yaklaşımlarının değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of conflict causes and conflict management approaches of public high school teachers]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (H. U. Journal of Education), 30(4), 16-28.

  86. Sutton, A. (2007). Implicit and explicit personality in work settings: An application of Enneagram theory (Doctoral thesis). University of Leeds.

  87. Şahin, A. (2019). Conflict management for retail store project development process: Personality perspective (Master thesis). İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul

  88. Şener C. (2006). Ankara ili Keçiören ilçesindeki kamu liselerinde görev yapan öğretmenlerin arabuluculuk yoluyla çatışma çözme davranışları [Conflict resolution behaviors of teachers working in public high schools in Keçiören district of Ankara province through mediation] (Master thesis). Ankara Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.

  89. Terzi, A. R. (2005). İlköğretim okullarında örgüt kültürü [Organizational culture in primary schools]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 43(43), 423-442.

  90. Tuna, M., & Türkmen, F. (2015). Kişilik tiplerinin çatışmayı yönetme yöntemlerine etkisi [The effect of personality types on conflict management methods]. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(4), 43-65.

  91. Turan, S., & Taylor, C., (1997). Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): A different framework for conflict resolution in educational settings. National Council of Professors of Educational Administration’s (NCPEA) 51st Annual Conferenceiçinde. Colorado, USA. chrome- https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED423206.pdf

  92. Turhan, Ö., & Tiftik, C. (2022). Beş Faktör kişilik özelliklerinin çatışma yönetme stratejilerine etkisi [The effect of Five Factor personality traits on conflict management strategies]. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (12), 181-210. 10.21733/ibad.955563

  93. Veerankutty, K. & Rehna, V. J. (2020). Role of organizational culture in resolving organizational conflict and its impact on employees performance–A critical overview. International Journal of Innovations in Management, Engineering and Science (IJIMES), 6 (3), 1-8.

  94. Victorian Association for Dispute Resolution (VADR). (2001). Mediation in schools. http://www.vadr.asn.au/mediation_in_schools.pdf

  95. Yaraş, Z., & Gündüzalp, S. (2021). Regarding the school administrators’ conflict resolution strategies about organizational conflicts: An assessment according to teacher opinions. International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches, 6(14), 397-430. http://dx.doi.org/10.35826/ijetsar.194

  96. Yıldızoğlu, H., & Burgaz, B. (2014). Okul yöneticilerinin beş faktör kişilik özellikleriyle çatışma yönetimi stili tercihleri arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between school administrators' five factor personality traits and conflict management style preferences]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(2), 295-310.

  97. Yılmaz, E., Ünal, Ö., Palancı, M., Gençer, A., Örek, A., Tatar, A., ..., & Aydemir, Ö. (2016). The relation between the nine types temperament model and the five factor personality model in a Turkish sample group. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 11(4), 1-11. DOI: 10.9734/BJMMR/2016/20303

  98. Young, O. R. (1972). Intermediaries: Additional thoughts on third parties. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51-65.

  99. Yürür, S. (2009). Yöneticilerin çatışma yönetim tarzları ve kişilik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkinin analizine yönelik bir araştırma [A study to analyze the relationship between managers' conflict management styles and personality traits]. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 23-42.

  100. Weinstein, R. J. (2001). Mediation in the workplace: A guide for training, practice, and administration. Greenwood Publishing Group.

  101. Wilson, B., & Irvine, C. (2014). What do we know about mediators? A short literature review.https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2510786

  102. Zaleniene, I., & Tvaronaviciene A. (2010). The main features and development trends of mediation in Lithuania: the opportunities for lawyers. Jurisprudencija, 119(1), 227-242.

  103. Zembat, R. (2012). Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin okul yöneticisi, meslektaşları ve aileler bağlamında algıladıkları çatışma durumlarının incelenmesi [Examining the conflict situations perceived by preschool teachers in the context of school administrators, colleagues and parents]. Eğitim ve Bilim, 37(163), 203-215.

bottom of page