top of page
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute

Journal of Social and Political

Sciences

ISSN 2615-3718 (Online)

ISSN 2621-5675 (Print)

asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
crossref
doi
open access

Published: 06 May 2019

A Comparative Study on the Afghan-China Relation Based on Afghan-US relation

Zabehullah Bashardost

Shandong University, China

journal of social and political sciences
pdf download

Download Full-Text Pdf

doi

10.31014/aior.1991.02.02.70

Pages: 285-304

Keywords: Afghan-China Relation, Afghan-US Relation, Copenhagen School Theory, Geopolitical Position, National Interest (Mutual Benefit)

Abstract

This paper shows and highlights the broad development friendly ties between Afghanistan and the People's Republic of China (PRC) and wants to investigate the effective factors which affect the relationship with the help of theoretically informed sources and historical narratives. The study shows the relationship that started with the ancient Silk Road that passed through Afghanistan, to recent cooperation represented by Afghanistan's membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, AIIB, and OBOR, altogether indicate the continuation of this relationship with the friendly and neighboring country of the People's Republic of China. Moreover, the study tries to explain the differences between Afghan-China relations in comparison with Afghan-American relations. The study adopts Copenhagen school theories based on geopolitics context. Also, this paper tries to respond to this question that, which factors are more important for shaping strength in the relationship of Afghanistan and China based on Afghan- American relation? And is based on the assumption that Afghanistan and China are two neighboring countries with shared values and interests, and these common interests play an effective role in the security, economy, and stability of Afghanistan.

References

  1. Aadili, Zakiya. (2017). Afghanistan's Foreign Policy. Episode 01, Aryana TV. https: //www. YouTube .com/watch=_ru SBFfQyUw&t=22s.

  2. Abedi, Afifa. (2017). Russian Options Against the New American Strategy for Afghanistan. Iranian Studies Institute of Eurasia. Afet, deva. “Afghanistan: Challenges and perspectives until 2020”. http://www.europarl. Europa.eu/Reg Data/etudes STUD/ 2017/578033 /EXPO_STU (2017) 578033_EN.pdf

  3. Afghanistan sputnik. (2017). "if the US become out from Afghanistan, what should happen." https:// af.sputniknews.com/opinion/201708131596831.

  4. Afghanistan. silk road: dialogue, diversity & development. Accessed  https:// en.unesco .org/ silkroad/countries-alongside-silk-road-routes/afghanistan.

  5. Afghanistan's Membership and Challenges in Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank. (2017). Accessed. The Quarterly of Afghanistan ru. http://www. farsi.ru/doc/14404.html.

  6. Afghanistan in the geopolitical dimension of security of Eurasia. (2014). Accessed: http://csef.ru/en/oborona-i-bezopasnost/340/afganistan-v-geopoliticheskom-izmerenii-bezopasnosti-evrazii-5928.

  7. Afghan mines. Accessed in Google. Wikipedia/ https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki. http:// www. iras.ir/ fa/doc/note/3328.

  8. Ahmadi, Hossein. (2010). Regional Developments of Afghanistan (on the occasion of the International Conference on the Joint Heritage of Iran and Afghanistan). Accessed: http://www.iichstore.ir/product_info.php/products_id/197/pname.

  9. Ahmadi, Ali. (2016). Improving China-Afghanistan Security Relationship. Information Day newspaper.  Accessed: https://www.etilaatroz.com/wp./2016/07/Vol-1102-for-web.pdf.   

  10.  Aliyar, Darab Ali. (2017). One Belt One Road; Extends win-win strategy for China and Afghanistan. Accessed: http://dailyafghanistan.com/opinion _detail. php? post_ id=139980.

  11. Ammar. (2013). The position of Afghanistan in the role of regional initiatives of China. Accessed: issue 201. https://8am.af/x8am/1395/02/20/afghanistan-dream-china-connection-road.

  12. Andishmand, Mohammad Akram. (2007).We and Pakistan". Accessed: Paiman publishing: https:// www.ariaye.com/ketab/andeshmand/andeshmand4.html.

  13. Arabnews. (2018). Pakistan and China push for peace in Afghanistan. Accessed: www.arab news.com/node/1421226.

  14. Azrabsh, Mohammad Taqhi. (2017). The place of Security in the Copenhagen School: A Framework for Analysis”. Quarterly Journal of Political Science. Accessed: Code: 0E7958F. http://www.did.ir/ catalog/index. aspx? Cn =0E7958F.

  15. Babran, Sediqhah and Hatif Poor Rushishidi. (2002). The study of Iran's media diplomacy in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban." Middle Studies journal: 131-142. Spring 2011. http://mediastudies.srbiau.ac.ir/article_4349.html.

  16. Baggiani, Gregorio. (2014). Russia-Afghanistan relations: bilateral interests after the War. EPOS Insights, Online page.

  17. Bahin, Sultan Ahmad. (2015). Silk Road and convergence. Accessed: The 8am newspaper/8am.af/x8am/1394/08/09/silk-and-regional-integration.

  18. Beeson, Mark, and Fujian Li. (2015). What consensus? Geopolitics and policy paradigms in China and the United States. Accessed: International Affairs 91. https: //www. chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/.../INTA911_06_Beeson_Li. pd

  19. Chéné, Hugo. (2014). China in Afghanistan (balancing power projection and minimal intervention)”. Accessed: IPCS. https://www.files.ethz. ch/ isn/194198 /IPCSS special Report_ ChinainAfghanistan_HugoChene.pdf.

  20. China wants to create a contact group for peace process of Afghanistan. (2019). Accessed: TOLO TV. News service,6pm,22 February/www.youtube. com/watch? v=N km TI Qpgm JY.

  21. Challenges and opportunities for China to invest in Afghanistan. (2013). Accessed: National Coalition of Afghanistan (NCA).  www.nca.af/china-Afganistan-f2013011502.html.

  22.  China -Afghanistan relationship. (2014). Accessed: Embassy of the people's republic of China in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. http://af.china-embassy.org/eng.

  23. China- Afghan relatin . Google, Wikipedia, https:// en.wikipedia. org/wiki/ Afghanistan% E2%80%93China_relations.

  24. Epatko, Larisa. (2014). A Historical Timeline of Afghanistan. Accessed: PBS. https:// www. pbs.org/newshour/politics/asia-jan-june11-timeline-afghanistan.

  25. Ezzati, Ezzatollah. (2005). Geostrategy.  Accessed:  http://ensani.ir/fa/article/author/23373.

  26. Faraji Rad, Abdolreza, and others. (2011). The new geopolitics of Afghanistan after 9/11 and its impact on national security in Iran. the Quarterly of Human Geography (2):193-205. Accessed spring 2012. http://www.magiran. com/view.asp? Type=pd f& ID= 976080&l= fa.

  27. Fard, Aziz Ahammad. (2014). Foreign aid to Afghanistan and administration corruption. Worldwide Voice Journal. http://fa.rfi.fr/ 20141204.

  28. Friedman, Norman. (2007). Terrorism, Afghanistan and America’s New Way of War, Annapolis. Naval Institute Press.

  29. Ghiasy, Richard  . (2017). Opinion: why Afghanistan’s stability is so important to China. Accessed: China morning post. https://www.scmp. com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/ article/2095156/opinion-why-afghanistans-stability-so-important-china.

  30. Gorjestani, Tavassoli. (2017). The Design of one belt one road from Dream to Reality. Accessed: Daily Afghanistan Ma. http://www.dailya fghanistan.com/opinion_ detail. php? post_ id= 139991.

  31. Hettne, B. (1999). Globalization and the new Regionalism: The Second Great Transformation. London. McMillian Press. Accessed: www.palgrave .com/us/book /9780312215637.

  32. Huasheng, Z. (2012). China and Afghanistan: China’s Interests, Stances, and Perspectives". Centre for Strategic and International Studies. Washington DC. Accessed: https://csis-prod.s3 .amazonaws.com/s3fs public/legacy files/files/ publication/ 120322_Zhao _China Afghan_ web.pdf.

  33. Huasheng, Zhao. (2016). Afghanistan and China’s new neighborhood diplomacy". The Royal Institute of International Affairs 92 (2016): 891-908. DOI: 10.1111/1468-2346.12654.

  34. Hossain Ershad, Zakir. (2014). Four decades of Afghanistan-US Relations”. Accessed: http:// www.bbc.com/persian/afghanistan/2014/10/141001_k04_afg_us_relation.

  35. How will the Belt and Road Initiative advance China’s interests? China power, unpacking the complexity of Chinas rise. Accessed https://chinapower.csis.org/china-belt-and-road-initiative.

  36. Jamilah, Roohzunda. (2005). A point of view to the History of Political Relations between Iran and Afghanistan (from the Qajar to the Taliban). Accessed: Subhdam Publishing. www.nzdl.org /gsdlmod?

  37.  

  38. Javadi Arjmand, Muhammad Jafar and others. (2015). The Evolution of Foreign Policy of United State toward Afghanistan on the base Geopolitics Theories. Political Sciences Quarterly 32: 33-52. http://psq.kiau.ac.ir/article_520625.html.

  39. Khalil. (2018). The Report of the Seminar on Sino-Afghan Bilateral Ties. CSRS, central for strategic and regional studies. http://csrskabul.com/en/blog/the-report-of-the-seminar-on-sino-afghan-bilateral-ties.

  40. Kyle, David (2017). "A large part of China's global initiative is being implemented in Afghanistan. Accessed: VOA, News, and Social media. https://www.darivoa.com/a/china-keen-to-extend-one-belt-one-way-to-afghanistan/3842385.html.

  41. Lise, Waldek. (2018). Endemic violence in Afghanistan: a socio-culture. Page of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, Current Terrorist Trends in the Asia Pacific. https:// doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2018.1473630.

  42. Lynne, O’Donnell. (2016). "China’s MCC turns back on US$3b Mes Aynak Afghanistan mine deal". South China Morning Post. Accessed: http://www .scmp. com/ news/ world/ article/ 1453375/chinas-mcc-turns-back-us3bmes- aynak-Afghanistan-mine-deal.

  43. Mining in Afghanistan. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Afghanistan.

  44. Ministry of mines and petroleum of Afghanistan. (2012). Afghanistan, CNPC International Reach Agreement for Amu Darya Oil Tender.  mom. gov. af/ fa/page/momp-contracts/ hydrocarbons-contract.

  45.  Mohmand, Mohammad Rahim. (2017). "Focus on Afghan Trade."  Accessed: http:// moci.gov. af / Content/files/MoCI-Report-Dari-120115.pdf.

  46. Muhammad Khan, Raja. (2015). China's Economic and Strategic Interests in Afghanistan. FWU Journal of Social Sciences. Accessed: National Defence University-Islamabad, http:// sbbwu. edu. pk/journal/images/special%20issue.pdf.

  47. Munadi, Sayed Mahdi. (2014). Afghan-China Relations between2014- 2024: Prospects and Scenarios”. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Accessed: Hazara. Academia.edu/ Sayed Mahdi Munadi.

  48. Munadi, Sayed Mahdi. (2017). Afghanistan Perspective: Economic Initiatives around Afghanistan”. Cooperation or Competitions Between stakeholders. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.