Education Quarterly Reviews
ISSN 2621-5799
Published: 30 January 2021
Learners’ Perceptions of the Influence of Teachers’ Nonverbal Communication on Their Aspirations to Pursue STEM Courses
Grace C. W. Ndeke, Anne C. Barmao
Egerton University, Kenya
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1993.04.01.171
Pages: 27-38
Keywords: Learners’ Perceptions, Science Teachers, STEM Courses, Teachers’ Actions, Teacher Dressing and Grooming, Teacher Nonverbal Communication
Abstract
This paper reports the results of a study that investigated secondary school learners’ perceptions of the influence of their science and mathematics teachers’ nonverbal communication on their aspirations to pursue Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) related courses in institutions of higher learning. The study further investigated if there were gender differences in learners’ perceptions. The nonverbal aspects of communication focused on were teachers’ actions in class and their dressing and grooming. A sample of 465 form three secondary school learners was selected using stratified simple random sampling technique, out of whom 221 were female while 244 were male from Nakuru County, Kenya. Data was collected using a secondary school learner’s questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach alpha and yielded a coefficient of 0.88. The findings show that learners’ perceived their teachers’ nonverbal communication moderately influences their aspirations to pursue STEM. However, the perception on the influence of maintaining eye contact when asking and responding to questions and being always clean and neat were high. Therefore, science and mathematics teacher education programs should enhance pre and in service teacher awareness of the effect of their nonverbal behaviour on their learners. The Teachers Service Commission which is the national teacher regulator and employer in Kenya should ensure that the policy guidelines on teachers’ dressing and grooming are straightforwardly interpreted by all teachers and properly enforced.
References
Babad, E. (2007). Teachers’ Nonverbal Behavior and its Effects on Students. In J.C Smart (Ed.), Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, Vol. XXII, 219-279. Springer. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/52aa1677e4b069d1317f42d0/t/5a00dadc085229b51decb2b7/1510005470962/OMeara+%282007%29+Striving+for+what.pdf
Bambaeeroo, F., & Shokrpour, R. (2017). The Impact of Teachers Non-verbal Communication on Success in Teaching. Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Professionalism, 5(2), 51-59. https://jamp.sums.ac.ir/article_40986.html
Bunglowala, A., & Bunglowala, A. (2015). Non-verbal communication: An integral part of teaching learning process. International Journal of Research in Advent Technology Special Issue 1st International Conference on Advent Trends in Engineering. Science and Technology 8 Maret “ICATEST 2015”, 371-375.
Carr, D. L., Davies, T. L., & Lavin, A. (2009). The Effect of Business Faculty Attire on Student Perception of the Quality of Instruction and Program Quality. College Student Journal, 43(1), 45-56. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ872213
Centre for Mathematics, Science and Technology Education in Africa (CEMASTEA), (2016).Communication Policy and Procedures. CEMASTEA
Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling technique (3rd edition). John Wiley and Sons. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Sampling+Techniques%2C+3rd+Edition-p-9780471162407
Colman, A. M. (2020). A Dictionary of Psychology (4th Ed). OXFORD University Press. https://www.oxfordreference.com/page/scienceandtech/science-and-technology
Dasgupta, A. D. (2014). Influence of Teachers on Motivation of Students for Career Development in Academics. www.grin.com/document/279809
Fadzil, H. M., & Saat, R. M. (2014). Enhancing STEM Education during School Transition: Bridging the Gap in Science Manipulative Skills. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 10(3), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2014.1071a
Fatemeh, B., Samaneh, B., & Ali, A. K. (2014). An investigation of students’ attitudes and teachers' nonverbal interaction in Iranian EFL classrooms. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 2(6), 13-18. http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=501&doi=10.11648/j.ijll.s.2014020601.13
Farhangi, A. (1995). Human Relationship. 17th Ed. Rassa Publishers.
FWF Austrian Science Fund. (2016).The Role of Body Language in Teacher-Student Interactions.https://phys.org/news/2016-09-role-body-language-teacher-student-interactions.html
Gall, P. G., Gall, M. D., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational Research. An Introduction (8th ed.), Pearson Education Inc.
Gamble, T. K., & Gamble, M. W. (2002). Communication Works. McGraw Hill Publisher.
Government of Kenya. (2007). Kenya Vision 2030. A Globally Competitive and Prosperous Kenya. Government Printers.
Government of Kenya (2015a). Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MOEST). National Education Sector Plan. Vol.1 Basic Education Programme, Rationale and Approach 2013-2018. https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/sites/planipolis/files/ressources/kenya_nesp_vol_1.pdf
Government of Kenya (2015b). The T.S.C Code of Conduct and Ethics for Teachers Regulations Kenya Gazette Supplement No. 126. http://kenyalaw.org/kl/fileadmin/pdfdownloads/LegalNotices/162-Teachers_Service_Commission__Code_of_Conduct_and_Ethics_for_Teachers__Regulations__2015.pdf
Goodrich, R. L., & St. Pierre, R. G. (1979). Opportunities for studying later effects of follow through. ABT Associates.
Grubaugh, S. J. (1989). Non-verbal language techniques for better classroom management and discipline. High School Journal,73(1), 34-40.
Guerrero, L. K., & Floyd, F. (2006). Nonverbal communication in close relationships. Lawrence Erlbaum https://www.academia.edu/36261723/Laura_K_Guerrero_Kory_Floyd_Nonverbal_Communication_in_Close_Relationships_pdf
Jones, S. (2006). No way to face a class of students. Times Educational Supplement, 2. https://www.tes.co.uk/article.aspx?storycode=2193353
Joseph, S. (2017). Student Perceptions of Teacher professional Attire. Journal of Education and Human Development, 6 (2), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.15640/jehd.v6n2a4
Jewell, M. (2010). What happened to role models in our schools? http://www.examiner.com/article/what-happened-role-models-our-schools
Kashem, M. A. (2019). The Effect of Teachers’ Dressing on Students’ Attitude and Student Learning: Higher Education View. Education Research International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9010589
Kathuri, N. J., & Pals, D.A. (1993). Introduction to Educational Research. Egerton University: Educational Media Centre.
Kenya National Examination Council [KNEC], (2018). The year 2016-2017 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examinations (KCSE) Candidates Performance Reports. KNEC.
Kenya National Examination Council [KNEC], (2019). The year 2017-2018 Kenya Certificate of Secondary Examinations (KCSE) Candidates Performance Reports. KNEC.
Manombe, N. (2009). Effects of verbal and nonverbal Communication at Solusi University: A socio-Linguistic Approach (Unpublished BA Research Project). Solusi University.
Matsumoto, D., & Hwang, H. S. (2013). Cultural influences on nonverbal behavior. In D. Matsumoto, M. G. Frank, & H. S. Hwang (Eds.), Nonverbal communication: Science and applications(pp. 97–120). Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452244037.n5
Milaturrahmah, N., Mardiyana, M., & Pramudya, I. (2017). Mathematics Learning Process with Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) Approach in Indonesia. Journal of Physics Conference Series 895(1):012030. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012030
Montague, E., Chen, P., Xu, J., Chewning, B. & Barrett, B. (2013). Nonverbal Interpersonal Interactions in Clinical Encounters and Patient Perceptions of Empathy. Journal of Participatory Medicine. 5:e33 https://participatorymedicine.org/journal/evidence/research/2013/08/14/nonverbal-interpersonal-interactions-in-clinical-encounters-and-patient-perceptions-of-empathy/
Morris,T. L., Gorham, S. H., Cohen, S. H., & Huffman, D. (1996). Fashion in the Classroom: Effects of Attire on Student Perceptions of Instructors in College Classes. Communication Education, 45 (2), 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634529609379043
Muchemwa, S. (2013). Use of Non-verbal Communication in the Classroom Teaching: A Case Study of Solusi High School, Zimbabwe. Procedia- Social Behavioral Science, 103(2013), 1279-1287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.457
National Council of Education Research and Training [N.C.E.R.T]. (2000).National Curriculum Framework for School Education. NCERT. http://ctegujarat.org/Downloads/NCF%20Secondary%20Education-2000.pdf
Neill, J. (1989). The Effects of Facial Expression and Posture on Children's Reported Responses to Teacher Nonverbal Communication. British Educational Research Journal, 15 (2), 195-204. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192890150207
Phillips, P.A., & Smith, L.R. (1992). The Effect of Teacher Dress on Student Perceptions.
Reeve, E. M. (2015). STEM Thinking! Technology and Engineering Teacher, 75 (4), 8-16
Richmond, V. P., & Mc Croskey, J. C. (2004). Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations, (5th ed.). Allyn & Bacon.
Rukundo, A., and Magambo, J. (2013), Professional Impotence: Impact of Alcoholism on Secondary School Teachers in Uganda. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research (IJADR), 2(2), 69-74. https://doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.104
Sagan, C. (1994, January 9). With Science on our Side. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1994/01/09/with-science-on-our-side/9e5d2141-9d53-4b4b-aa0f-7a6a0faff845/
Sampson, E. C. (2016). Teachers' Perceptions of the Effect of Their Attire on Middle-School Students' Behavior and Learning. (Doctoral Dissertations, Walden University). ERIC ProQuest LLC. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED566809
Slabbert, A. (2019). Lecturer Dress Code and Student Perceptions of Lecturer Professional Attributes. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 29 (2), 176-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2019.1603343
Slapian,M. L., Feber,S. N., Gold J. M. & Rutchick, A. M. (2015).The Cognitive Consequences of Formal Clothing. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 6(6), 661-668. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1948550615579462
Smith, H. I., & Larry, K. (2015). Gesticulation and Effective Communication. International Journal of Linguistics and Communication, 3(1), 1-5 http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v3n1a1
Verma, A., & Chandel, N. P. S. (2015). Effect of Eye Contact on Academic Anxiety of Learning Disabled Students in Inclusive Classroom. Asian Resonance, 4(4), 181-184.
Weisbuch, M., & Ambady, N. (2009). Unspoken Cultural Influence: Exposure to and Influence of Nonverbal Bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(6), 1104–1119. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015642
Wright, M., & Chorin, A. (1999). Mathematics and Science. Division of Mathematical Science. National Science Foundation. https://nsf.gov/pubs/2000/mps0001/mps0001.pdf
Yang, X. (2017). The use of Body Language in English Teaching. Theory and practice in Language Studies, 7(12), 1333-1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0712.23