Economics and Business
Quarterly Reviews
ISSN 2775-9237 (Online)
Published: 25 May 2022
Relationship between Socio-Economic Factors and Participation in Decision Making in Tourism Industry among Women in Zanzibar
Fadhila Hassan Abdalla, Asnarulkhad Abuu Samah, Ahmad Hariza Hashim, Moh’d Roslan Rosnon
University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1992.05.02.419
Pages: 124-132
Keywords: Participation in Decision Making, Community Development, Tourism Industry, Socio-Economic Factors
Abstract
This study determined the relationship between socio-economic factors and participation in decision-making among women community in Zanzibar. Data was collected from 387 respondents using structured questionnaire distributed to nine wards of Zanzibar and analyzed using Smart PLS. The descriptive analysis revealed that there is a high level of participation in decision-making among women community in Zanzibar whereby the mean is equal to 3.8519, and standard deviation is 0.75238. The Smart PLS analysis results indicated that there are significant negative relationships between level of education, nature of tourism activities and participation in decision making. Hence, this result indicates that the less educated the women are the less they participate in the decision-making. Further, the nature of tourism activities is also negatively affecting the decision to participate in the decision-making process.
References
Abira, T., & Sireeranhan, A. (2012). Analysis of women labour participation in agricultural production in Valikamam area, Jaffna District, Sri Lanka. Research Journal of Economics and Business Studies, 1 (1), 1-25.
Abu Samah, A. & F. Aref, Empowerment as an approach for community Development in Malaysia. World Rural Observations, 2009. 1(2): p. 63-68
Abu Samah, A., N. Ahmad, & M. N. Ndaeji, Rural Women Empowerment through Self Help Groups in Nigeria: The Role of Participation and Volunteerism. Life Science Journal, 2013. 10(4): p. 747-753
Akanji, O. (2002). Microfinance as a strategy for poverty reduction. CBN economic and Financial Review, 2002. 39(4): p. 18-28
Amoah, P. A. (2018). Social participation, health literacy and health and wellbeing: A cross-sectional study in Ghana, SSM- Population Health, (4), 263-270
Ampumuza, C., van der Heijden, F., Hendriks, N., Klumder, R., Mazurek, J., van de Mosselear, F., & VanRumpt, I. (2008) Women Empowerment through Tourism. Project Wageningen University. Netherlands, July.
Apipoonyanon, C., Kuwornu, J. K. M., Szabo, S., & Shrestha, R. P. (2019). Factors influencing household participation in community forest management: evidence from Udon Thani Province, Thailand. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, (39), 2020- Issue 2. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2019.1632211.
Baum, T. (2013). Demographic changes and the labor market in the international tourism industry. In Yeoman, I., Hsu, C., Smith, K., Watson, S. (Eds.), Tourism and demography (Chap. 12). Oxford, England: Good fellow.
Bayissa, F. W., Smits, & Rued, R. (2018). “The multidimensional nature of Women’s
Empowerment: Beyond the Economic Approach”. International Development Journal, may 30(4): 661-690.Barati, Z., B. A. Samah, & N. Ahmad, Sense of community and citizen participation in neighborhood council in Iran. Journal of American Science, 2012. 8(1), 655-661.
Brammer, S., Jackson, G., & Matten, D. (2012). “Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance’, Oxford Journal, (10), 3-28 (online) http://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwr030.
Chandramouli, C., & General, R. (2011). Census of India 2011. Provisional Population Totals. New Delhi: Government of India.
Chowdhury, A. N., Let grassroots speak. People’s participation self-help groups and NGO’s in Bangladesh1996, Dhaka: University Press Limited
Christens, B. D. (2012). Targeting empowerment in community development: A community psychology approach to enhancing local power and well-being. Community Development Journal, 47(4), 538-554.
Christensens, B. D. (2012). Toward relational empowerment. American journal of community Psychology, 50(1-2), 114-128.
Cohen J. M., & Uphoff, T. N. (1977). Rural Development Participation: Concept and Measures for Project Design, Implementation and Evaluation. Cornell University.
Cohen, J. M., & Uphoff, N.T. (1980). Participation’s Place in Rural Development: Seeking Clarity through Specificity. World Development 8, 213-235
Connell, J., & Rugendyke, B. (2008). Tourism at the Grassroots: Villagers and Visitors in the Asia-Pacific. London [etc.]: Routledge.
Deepak, R., P., & Tek, B. M. (2010). Women’s managerial level involvement in tourism sector in Pokhara. Journal of Nepalese business Studies. Vol. vii, No. 1.
Debois, S. (2016). 9 Advantages and Disadvantages of Questionnaires - Survey Anyplace. Retrieved December 28, 2017,
Doss et al., 2014 women’s individual and joint property ownership: effects on household decision making, (IFPRI Discussion paper 1347) International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI),
Washington, D.C (2014).
Doss, C. R., Meizen-Dick, R., (2015). Collective action within the household: insights from natural Resource management. World Dev. 74, 171-183
Emerole, C., I. Nwosu, and J. Olajede, Participatory Savings and Borrowing for StartUp And Recapitalization Needs: Farmers Experience in Nigerian Agricultural Cooperatives and Rural Development Bank (Nacrdb) Abia State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social Research (JASR), 2008. 8(1), 89-94.
Escobar. A. (1995). Encountering development: The making and unmaking of thethird World. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
Francina, P. X.& Joseph, M.V. (2013). “Women empowerment: the psychological dimension,” Rajagiri Journal of Social Development, (5)2, December.
Ghosh, M. M. & Ghosh, A. (2014). Analysis of women Participation in India Agriculture. International Journal of Gender and Women’s studies. (2), 271-281.
Ginige, T., & Ritchards. D. (2012). Model for enhancing Empowerment in farmers using Mobile based Information System 23rd Australasian Conference on Information Systems 3-5 Dec 2012, Geelong.
Henning, B., Alec, Z., Sarah. A., Wheeler, K., Parry, J., Pittock. M., Makarius. M., & Martin. M. (2019). The dynamics of the relationship between household decision-making and farm household income in small-scale irrigation schemes in southern Africa. (213)1, 135-145.
Hidayat, A., Rahmanita, M., & Hermantoro, H. (2017). Community Empowerment in Plempoh Cultural Tourism Village. TRJ Tourism Research Journal, 1(1), 98-116.
Honey, M., & Gilpin, R. (2009). Tourism in the Developing World: promoting Peace and Reducing Poverty. Washington: United States Institute of Peace.
Hyounggon, K., Chin-Kuen, C., Joseph. T. O’ Leary. (2007). Understanding participation patterns and trends in tourism cultural attraction. Journal of tourism management, (28),1366-1371.
Ishamael, M. (2016). Effects of Socio-demographic characteristics and Perceivedbenefits in Tourism in the Mesomagor Area of the Kakum national Park, Ghana. Athens journal of Tourism. (3)3, 211-230.
Jayswal, D. K., & Jaiswal, M. (2015). Women’s Participation and Tourism Industry: An overview. Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(4), 269-273.
Joobi, V. P. & Satheesh, E. K. (2018). Responsible tourism- A path way to women empowerment. Indian journal of applied research, (8)3, 2018. ISSN- 2249-555x IF: 5397, IC Value: 86.18.
Jucan, C. N., & Jucan, M. S. (2013). Travel and tourism as a driver of economic recovery. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6, 81-88
Julie, Roberts, Kerry Evans, Helen Spiby, Catrin Evans, Phoebe Pallotti, Eldridge (2020). Women’s information needs, decision-making and experiences of membrane sweeping to promote pontaneous labor. Midwifery 83 (2020)102626
Khan, M., Sajjad, M., Hameed, B., Khan, M. N., & Jan, A. U. (2012). Participation of women in agriculture activities in district Peshawar. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 28(1), 121-127.
Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement
Laura Taylor-Roberts, Sarah Strohmaier, Fergal Jones, Petr Baker. (2018). A systermatic review of community partucupation measures for people with intellectual disabilities. 32: 706-71. DOI: 10.1111/jar.12565
Lingling W., Junyi, Z., Akimasa, F. (2013). Tourism participation and Expenditure behavior: Analysis using a Scobit based descrete continuous choice model. Annals of Tourism Research, (40) 1-17.
Magigi, W., & Ramadhani, H. (2013). Enhancing tourism industry through community participation: A strategy for poverty reduction in zanzibar, Tanzania. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4, 1108- 1122
Maliva, N. S. (2016). Women’s Participation in Tourism in Zanzibar. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2013, 4, 1108-1122
Maliva, N. S. (2016). Women’s participation in tourism in Zanzibar (Doctoral dissertation, Wageningen University).
Maliva, N. S. (2017). Women Entrepreneurs’ Strategies and Tourism Development in Zanzibar. Business Management Review pp. 1-23 ISSN 0856-2253(eISSN 2546-213X)
Mametja, M. C. E. (2001). Local Community involvement in Ecotourism: The Tswaing Crater Museum, Gaunteng, South Africa Honours Research Project Department Geograpyhy and Geoformatics. University of Pretoria
Meizen-Dick, R., Johnson, N., Quisumbing, A., Njuki, J., Behrman, D., Rubin, A., Peterman, A., & Waitanji, E., (2011). Gender, Assets, and Agricultural Development programmes: A conceptual Framework (CAPRi Working Paper No 99). International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC.
Mingming, S. and Geogffrey, W. (2012). Community Participation in Tourism at World heritage site.
Moayad, Mohammad Alrawajfah, Fernando Almeida Garcia, Rafael Corte’s Macias. (2020). Female Perspectives on Tourism’s Impact and their Employment in the sector. The case of Petra, Jordan
Mutenje, M., Kankwamba. H., Mangisonib, J., & Kassie, M., (2016). Agricultural food in novations and food security in Malawi: gender dynamics, institution and market implications. Technol.Forecast. Soc. Change103, 240-248, Mutianyu Great Wall. Beijing China. https:// doi.org/10.1002/jtr.1909.
Narayan, D., & Katrinka E. (2002). Design of social funds: Participation, demand, orientation and local organizational capacity. World Bank Discussion Paper 375. Washington, D.C: World Bank.
Nikkhah, H. A., & Redzuan, M. (2009). Participation as a Medium of Empowerment in Community Development. European Journal of Social Sciences, 11(1),170-176.
Nwoye, I. I. and Nwalieji, H. U. (2019). Male and Female Participation in the Implementation of Fadama III Additional Financing Project among Cassava Farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural. 23 (4) October, 2019.
Palikhe, A. (2018). Women Empowerment in Tourism: Special Reference to Pokhara Metropolitan City. The Journal of Nepalese Business Studies. Vol. XI No. 1 December 2018.
Persson, M. 2015. Education and political participation. British Journal of Political Science 45 (3): 689– 703.
Saidu, M. B. (2014). Participation in Microfinance Scheme as a medium for empowerment among farmers community in Kano State, Nigeria. University Putra Malaysia.
Saidu, M.B., Asnarulkhadi, A., Ma’arof Redzuan, & Ahmad, N. (2014) Participation as a Medium for Economic Empowerment among Microfinance Scheme Beneficiaries in Kano, Nigeria. World Applied Science Journal 31(4): 667-671, 2014
Saidu, M.B., Asnarulkhadi, A., Ma’arof Redzuan., & Ahmad, N. (2014). Relationship Between Socio-Economic Factors and Participation in Decision Making in Microfinance Scheme Among Rural Farmers in Kano, Nigeria. Life Science Journal, 11(4), 342 – 347
Saidu, M.B., Asnarulkhadi, A., Ma’arof Redzuan, & Ahmad, N. (2014). Relationship between Dimensions of Participation in Microfinance Scheme and Psychological Empowerment among Rural Farmers in Kano, Nigeria. Pensee Journal, 76(6), 46 – 53
Savithri, R. (2009).Empowerment of women through information and communication technology (Doctoral dissertation, IIPA).
Shakeela et al., (2010). Women Participation in tourism. A case of Maldives. Bringing Tourism Theory and Practices. (2) 61-71
Singh, A.S., & Masuku, M. B. (2013). Fundamentals of applied research and sampling techniques. International journal of medical and applied sciences, 2(4), 124-123.
Singh, N., Women Women's s Participation in Local Water Governance Understanding Institutional Contradictions. Gender, Technology and Development, 2006. 10(1), 61-76.
Spenceley, A. (2001). Integrated biodiversity into the tourism sector. Best practices and country studies. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) Biodiversity Planning Support Program (BPSP). Institute of Natural Resources, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
Tovald, T., and Oystein, A. (2013). The socio-demographic influence onparticipation in outdoor recreation activities- Implications for the Norwegian Domestic market for Nature based Tourism. Scandinavian Journal of hospitality and Tourism. (13), 3.
Unnati, A. G., Akush, S., & A. V. Mande. A. V. (2012). Extent of Participation women farmers in decision making. Journal of dairying Foods and Home Sciences. 31 (1) 72-74.
UN Women & United Nations World Tourism Organization, The Deutsche Gesellscharf Fur International Zursammenarbeit (GIZ), World Bank Group and Amadeus (2019). Women taking the Lead in Tourism Report.
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) & United Nations Women. (2010). Global report on Women in Tourism 2010 Madrid: UNWTO.
UN Women (2015). Women and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). UN Women. Retrieved March 27. 2018, 2015
Wijesundara, C. N. R., & Wimalaratana, R. W. (2016). Community participation in tourism benefits sharing schemes of Srilanka: A case of Arugam bay destination. Proceedings of ISER 26th International Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 14th March 2016, ISBN: 978-93-85973-66-6
Wondirad, A., & Ewnetu, B. (2019). Community participation in tourism development as a tool to foster sustainable land and resource use practices in a national park milieu. Journal of Land use policy 88 (2019) 104155.
World Bank. (2015). Engendering Development: Through gender equality in rights, resources and voice. World Bank Policy Research Report. Oxford. Oxford University Press.
Zainoddin, A. A., Amran, A., & Shaharudin, M., R. (2020). The effect of social capital on the effectiveness of community development programmes in Malaysia. Int. J. Information and decision Sciences, (12)3, 2020
UNWTO (2021). Global Report on Women in Tourism. Second Edition