Journal of Health and Medical Sciences
ISSN 2622-7258
Published: 22 August 2023
Alternative Antibiotics Therapy for Drug-resistant Gonorrhea: A Literature Review
Dian Andriani Ratna Dewi, Nabila Arkania, Ni Made Wiliantari, Farrasila Nadhira, Clara Virginia Allun, Arohid Allatib, Cut Annisa Salsabila, Kelvin Dewantara, Angki Perdiyana
The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Central General Hospital Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta, Ratna Dewi Principal Clinic
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10.31014/aior.1994.06.03.275
Pages: 32-51
Keywords: Gonorrhoea, Resistance Antibiotic, Alternative Antibiotics
Abstract
Background: The management and control of gonorrhea are hampered by the widespread resistance to the diverse strains of Neisseria gonorrhea. Resistance to sulfonamides, penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and early cephalosporins has emerged rapidly. Purpose: This systematic review aimed to assess what antibiotics can be used as an alternative therapy for gonorrhea infections that are resistant to antibiotics. Methods: The study was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Risk of Bias for Randomized Trials (RoB2) was utilized to evaluate study quality. Results: This review included 28 articles from randomized controlled trials between 2013 and 2023, distributed across five nations. The studies included 2.380 patients and clinical isolates from men and women diagnosed with gonorrhea infection at various sites. Sample testing by treatment with alternative antibiotics. Discussion: Zoliflodacin, tigecycline, and ertapenem in single or dual therapy with ceftriaxone could be considered as a potential option in treating gonorrhea resistant to antibiotics. Gentamicin cannot be recommended to replace ceftriaxone as first-line therapy. Gepotidacin is effective for the Gyr A A92T mutation in gonorrhea infection. Summary: The effectiveness of these antibiotics, zoliflodacin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, gepotidacin, solithromycin, tigecycline, and ertapenem is considered a solution to gonorrhea resistance. Researchers should study how to provide antibiotics with intervening multidrug efflux pumps to overcome gonococcal antimicrobial resistance.
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