Journal of Health and Medical Sciences
ISSN 2622-7258
Published: 17 July 2019
Association Between Seropositivity of Helicobacter pylori Infection and Anaemia Amongst Children Aged 5-15 Years in Western Highlands of Kenya
Ronoh Gilbert, Ngeiywa Moses, Rono Selinah
University of Indiana/ Kenya Medical Research Institute, University of Eldoret
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1994.02.03.44
Pages: 248-255
Keywords: Anaemia, Case, Controls, Helicobacter pylori
Abstract
Anaemia is a global health problem, whose development is influenced by several factors. Helicobacter pylori infection is among the factors associated with anaemia. Long term interruption of malaria transmission in the highland area of Kipsamoite led to an increase of haemoglobin levels in some few individuals. However, there are still reported cases of low Hb levels associated with anaemia. In studies that have been done on the role of H. pylori infections on anaemia, researchers hold varied views on whether or not H. pylori infections play a role in iron deficiency anaemia. This study investigated the association between H. pylori infections and anaemia in children aged 5-15 years in Western highland region of Kenya. The study adopted a case-control design and purposive sampling technique was used in selection of subjects. Haemoglobin levels and H. pylori occurrence were measured and entered into Microsoft excel. These data was summarized into descriptive statistics. Chi-square was used in hypotheses testing. A total of 105 participants were enrolled, 35 were cases and 70 were the controls. The mean haemoglobin level was found to be statistically significantly (p<0.00), haemoglobin of cases was lower (11.05 1.726) than that of controls (13.011.897). The proportion of anaemic children among the cases was 77.1% (27) while the non-anaemic were 22.9% (8). The Chi-square showed positive statistical significant difference (p<0.05) between cases and controls. The study concluded that there was a great association between H. pylori infection and occurrence of anaemia in Western region of Kenya.
References
-
Asahi, M., Tanaka, T., Izumi, Y., Ho, K., Naiki, D., Kersulyte, K., Tsujikawa, M., Saito, K., Sada, S., Yanagi, A., Fujikawa, M., Noda, and Hokawa, Y. (2003). “Helicobacter pylori CagA containing ITAM-like sequences localized to lipid rafts negatively regulates VacA-induced Signaling Invivo”. Helicobacter, Vol. 8; pp 1-14.
-
Baggett, H.C., Parkinson, A.J., Muth, P.T., Gold, B.D., Gessner, B.D., (2006). “Endemic iron Deficiency associated with Helicobacter pylori infection among school –aged children in Alaska.” Pediatric Vol. 117 pp 396-404.
-
Baysoy, G., Ertem, D., Ademoglu, E., Kotiloglu, E., Keskin, S., Pehlivanoglu, E., (2004). “Gastrichistopathology, iron status and iron deficiency anaemia in children with Helicobacter pylori infection.” Journal of pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. Vol.38, pp 146-151.
-
Benoist .B., Mclean .E., Egii .I., Cogswell .M.,(2008).Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005, WHO global database on anaemia. Geneva World Health Organization
-
Berg, G., Bode ,G., Blettner,M., Boing, H., Brenner, H., (2001). “Helicobacter pylori infection and Serum ferritin.” A population-Based study Among 1806 Adults in Germany. American Journal of Gatroenterology Vol. 96 pp 1015-1018.
-
Choe, Y., Kim, S., Hong,YC., (2000). “Helicobacter pylori infection with iron deficiency Anaemiaand sub normal growth at puberty.”Arch Dis Child Vol. 82 pp 136-140. Downloaded from http.adc.bmj.com/ on 1st August 2018.
-
Choe, YH., Kim, SK., Hong, YC., (2003). “The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and iron deficiency seroprevalence study in 937 pubescent children.” Arch Dis child Vol. 88 pp 178.
-
Cardenas, VM., Prieto-Jimenez, CA., Mulla, ZD., Rivera, JO., Dominguez, DC., Graham, DY., Ortiz, M., (2011). “Helicobacter pylori eradication and change in markers of iron stores among non- iron deficient children in Elpaso, Texas.” An etiological intervention study. Journal of pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Vol. 52 pp 326-332
-
Ciacci, C., Sabbatini, F., Cavallaro, R., Castiglione, F., Bella, S., Iovino, P., Palumbo, A., Tortora, R.,Amoruso, D., Mazzacca, G., (2004). “Helicobacter pylori impairs iron absorption in infectedindividuals.” Dig Liver Dis Vol. 36 pp 455-460.
-
Crimes, D., and Schulz,K.,(2005).“Compared to what? Finding controls for cases-control studies.” Lancet Vol. 365 pp 1429-1433.
-
Darvishi, M., Katayoun, Z., Hossein , M., Kamyab , A., (2015). “Association between H.pylori Infections and Iron Deficiency Anaemia among children under six years in Iran.”AJA. Uni. of medical sc, Tehran Iran
-
Eaton, K A., Brooks, C.L., Morgan, D.R., Krakowa, S., (1991). “Essential role of Urease In pathogenesis of gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori in gnotobiotic piglets.” Infectious Immunology Vol. 59 pp 2470-2475.
-
IDI (2002). Helicobacter: “H. pylori a common bacterium often overlooked by physicians.” Idinsight-spring/summer
-
Kearney, D. J. (2005). “Helicobacter pylori Infections and Iron Deficiency Anaemia: Accumulating Evidence in support of real Association”. IndiaJournal of. Gastroenterology Vol 24 pp 147-148
-
Kesley, J.L., Whittemore, A.S., Evans, A.S., Thompson, W.D.,(1996). “Methods in observational Epidemiology”. Oxford University press
-
Monica . C. (2000). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Cambridge University Press, UK
-
Muhsen, KH., Barak, M., Shifnaidel, L., Nir, A., Bassal, R., Cohen, D., (2009). “Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with low serum ferritin levels in Israeli Arab Children; a seroepidemiologic study.” Journal Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. Vol. 49 pp 262-264.
-
Peach, HG., Bath, NE., Farish, SJ., (1998). “Helicobacter pylori infection: an added stressor on Iron states of women in the community.” Medical Journal ofAustriliaVol. 169 pp 188-190.
-
Perri, F., Pastore, M., Leandro, G., Clemente, R.., Ghoost peters, M., Annese, V., Quitadamo, M., Latiano A, Rutgeerts P, Andrinilli A (1997). “Helicobacter pylori infection and growth delay in older children.” Archs Dis child Vol. 77 pp 46-49.
-
Taye. B., Enquselassie. F., Tsegaye. A., Medhin. G., Fogarty.A., Robinson. K., Davey. G., (2015). “ Effect of early and current Helicobacter pylori on the risk of anaemia in 6.5 years-old Ethiopian children.” BMC infectious diseases Vol 15:270. https//doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1017-Y
-
Tegmeyer, N., Zabler, D., Schmidt,D.,(2009). “Importance of EGF receptor, HER2/Neu and Erk/2 kinase signaling for host cell elongation and scattering induced by the Helicobacter pyloriCagA protein, antagonistic effects of the vacuolating cytotoxinVacA.” Cell microbiology Vol. 11 pp 488-505.
-
WHO (2011). Haemoglobin concentration for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Vitamin and mineral nutrition information system. Geneva. WHO/NMH/MNM/11 http.//.www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.pdf 12/07/2017
-
Windle, H.J., Kelleher, D., Crabtree, J.E., (2007). “Childhood Helicobacter pylori infection and growth impairment in developing countries.”Pediatrcis Vol. 119 pp 754-759.
-
Yip, R., Limburg, P., Ahlquist, DA., (1998). “Pervasive occult gastrointestinal bleeding in an Alaska native population with prevalent iron deficiency.” JAMA Vol. 277 pp 1135-1139.
-
Yokota, S., Konno, M., Mino, E., Sato, K., Takahashi, M., Fujii,N.,(2008). “Enhanced Fe ion-uptake activity in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with iron-deficiency anaemia.” Clinical infectious Diseases Vol. 46 pp 31-33.