top of page
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute

Journal of Social and Political

Sciences

ISSN 2615-3718 (Online)

ISSN 2621-5675 (Print)

asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
crossref
doi
open access

Published: 26 September 2024

The Vertical Integration Model of Peacebuilding as Applied to the Bangsamoro Peace Process

Ian Nasser E. Berowa

De La Salle University, Mindanao State University

journal of social and political sciences
pdf download

Download Full-Text Pdf

doi

10.31014/aior.1991.07.03.516

Pages: 202-215

Keywords: Bangsamoro Peace Process, Vertical Integration Model, The Local

Abstract

This paper is an attempt to apply the vertical integration framework to the Bangsamoro peace process. The model can be applied to the Bangsamoro peace process through an inspection of the actors involved in the process: mediation, facilitation, and implementation. However, given the multitude of actors involved in the triple nexus of peacebuilding, it entails cooperation, coordination, and collaboration based on mutual trust and a multitude of other factors. Participation and accommodation are just features of the peace process since what matters most is the realization that possible solutions may just be around the corner which can be achieved through indigenous processes already known to the locals themselves.

References

  1. Abu-Nimer, M. (2021). Interreligious dialogue and the path to reconciliation. InClements & Lee (eds), Multi-level reconciliation and peacebuilding: stakeholder perspectives (pp. 46-58).Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017851

  2. Aguja, M.J. (2002). The Philippine media and the Bangsamoro struggle in the southern Philippines: realities and challenges. Media Asia, 29(3): 172-178. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2002.11726685

  3. Barakat, S. & Milton, S. (2020). Localisation across the humanitarian-development-peace nexus. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 15(2): 147-163. Sage. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620922805

  4. Boicic-Dzelilovic, V. & Martin, M. (2016). Local ownership challenges in peacebuilding and conflict prevention. Whole of Society Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding, 1-21. London School of Economics and Political Science. https://doi.org/10.34894/NBSMEP

  5. Boicic-Dzelilovic, V. & Martin, M. (2018). Wholly local? Ownership as philosophy and practice in peacebuilding interventions. Peacebuilding, 6(3): 218-232. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2018.1491682

  6. Carolan, G. (2016). Solving the moro problem: legalizing the Bangsamoro peace process, Journal of Aggression. Conflict and Peace Research, 8(3): 212-223. Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/JACPR-02-2016-0214

  7. Clements, K.P. & Lee, S.Y. (Eds). (2021). Multi-level reconciliation and peacebuilding: stakeholder perspectives. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003017851

  8. Conciliation Resources. (n.d.). Teduray Lambangian Women’s Organization – Philippines. Retrieved Feb. 19, 2021 from https://www.c-r.org/organisation-profile/teduray-lambangian-womens-organization-tlwoi

  9. Democatic Progress Institute (2014). “Briefing: international contact group for the southern Philippines peace process,” DPI. England and Wales.

  10. Donais, T. & McCandless, E. (2017). International peace building and the emerging inclusivity norm. Third World Quarterly, 38(2): 291-310. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1191344

  11. Donais, T. (n.d). “Towards vertically integrated peace building: bridging top-down and bottom-up approaches,” Centre for International Governance Innovation. accessed at https://www.cigionline.org/sites/default/files/donais_vertical_integration_workshop_report.pdf

  12. Firchow, P. (2020). World peace is local peace. Ethics & International Affairs,34(1): 57-65. Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0892679420000088

  13. Gera, W. (2016). The politics of ethnic representation in Philippine bureaucracy. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(5):858-877. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1080374

  14. Gray, S. & Burns, D. (2021). Local agency, adaptation, and vertical integration of bottom-up peacebuilding: reflecting on systemic action research in Myanmar. Peacebuilding, 9(1): 15-39. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2020.1795341

  15. Hancock, L.E. & Mitchell, C. (Eds.). (2018). Local peacebuilding and legitimacy: interactions between national and local levels. Routledge Studies in Peace and Conflict Resolution. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315403182

  16. International Crisis Group. (2021, April 15). Southern Philippines: keeping normalization on track in the Bangsamoro (Asia Report No. 313). Brussels: Belgium. https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/313%20-philippines-normalisation-bangsamoro.pdf

  17. Ishikawa, S. (2014). The role of a development agency in peacebuilding: track one-and-a-half mediation in mindanao. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 2(1): 79-95. The Institute for Peace and Unification Studies, Seoul National University. http://dx.doi.org/10.18588/201405.000020

  18. Jeffery, R. (2018). Amnesties and intractable conflicts: managed impunity in the Philippines’ Bangsamoro peace process. Journal of Human Rights, 17(4): 436-452. Routledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2017.1382339

  19. Kingston, J. (2019). The politics of religion, nationalism, and identity in asia. USA and United Kingdom: Rowman & Littlefield.

  20. Lee, S.Y. (2019). Local ownership in asian peacebuilding: development of local peacebuilding models. Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

  21. Leonardsson, H. (2020). Vertical relationships and local peacebuilding in Lebanon: the case of responsive waste management. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 15(2): 219-234. Sage. https://doi.org/10.1177/1542316620926106

  22. Liow, J.C. (2006). Muslim resistance in southern Thailand and southern Philippines: religion, ideology, and politics. Policy Studies 24: 1-65. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/35275/PS024.pdf

  23. Mac Ginty, R. (2015). Where is the local? Critical localism and peacebuilding. Third World Quarterly, 35(5): 840-856. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1045482

  24. Mastura, D.M.O. (2010). Filipino muslims and issues of governance in the Philippines: some thoughts by a local practitioner.Islam and Civilizational Renewal, 2 (1): 145-228. https://doi.org/10.52282/icr.v2i1.685

  25. McCandless, E., Abitbol, E. & Donais, T. (2015). Vertical integration: a dynamic practice promoting transformative peacebuilding. Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, 10(1): 1-9. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2015.1014268

  26. Monash University. (March 2018). Muhammadiyah and Progressive Islam in Indonesia. https://www.monash.edu/arts/Herb-Feith-Indonesian-Engagement/news-and-events/articles/2018/muhammadiyah-and-progressive-islam-in-indonesia

  27. Montiel, C.J. & De Guzman, J. (2010). Intergroup positioning in the political sphere: contesting the social meaning of a peace agreement. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 41(1): 92-116. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2010.00447.x

  28. Muto, A. & Saraiva, R. (2020). Assessing context-specific peacebuilding approaches in contemporary armed conflicts: from high-level mediation to middle-out linkage in Syria and from adaptive mediation to nationally-owned peacebuilding in Mozambique. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 8(2): 241-264. The Institute for Peace and Unification Studies, Seoul National University. https://doi.org/10.18588/202011.00a128

  29. Nonviolent Peaceforce. (2024). https://www.nonviolentpeaceforce.org/

  30. Ochiai, N (2016). The mindanao conflict: efforts for building peace through development. Asia-Pacific Review, 23(2): 37-59. Institute for International Policy Studies, Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/13439006.2016.1254364

  31. Ozcelik, A. (2020). Entrenching peace in law: do peace agreements possess international legal status?. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 21: 190-229. https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/3577434/06Ozcelik-unpaginated.pdf

  32. Paffenholz, T. (2015). Unpacking the local turn in peacebuilding: a critical assessment towards an agenda for future research. Third World Quarterly, 36(5): 857-874. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1029908

  33. Peace Insight. (February 2016). Consortium of Bangsamoro Civil Society. https://www.peaceinsight.org/en/organisations/consortium-bangsamoro-civil-society-cbcs/?location=philippines&theme

  34. Robertson, R. (Ed.). (2014). European glocalization in the global context. USA and the United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.

  35. Rood, S. (2005). Forging sustainable peace in Mindanao: the role of civil society. Policy Studies 17. East-West Center Washington. https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep06532

  36. Ross, M.L. (2008). Oil,Islam, and Women. American Political Science Review, 102(1): 107-123. Jstor. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080040

  37. Stark, J. (2003). Muslims in the Philippines. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 23(1): 195-209. Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602000305937

  38. Taya, S.L. (2010). The politicization of ethnic sentiments in the southern Philippines: the case of the Bangsamoro. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 30(1): 19-34. Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602001003650580

  39. Trajano, J.C. (2020). Bottom-up peacebuilding: role of grassroots and local actors in the Mindanao peace process. Asian Journal of Peacebuilding, 8(2): 357-372. The Institute for Peace and Unification Studies, Seoul National University. https://doi.org/10.18588%2F202011.00a097

  40. Trojanowska, B.K. (2019). “Courage is very important for those who wage peace”: conversations with Jasmin Nario-Galace, peace educator, on the implementation of the UN’s women, peace, and security agenda in conflict-ridden Philippines. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 21(2): 317-325. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2019.1586448

  41. Yoshizawa, A. & Kusaka, W. (2020). The arts of everyday peacebuilding: cohabitation, conversion, and intermarriage of Muslims and Christians in the southern Philippines. Southeast Asian Studies, 9(1):67-97. Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/seas/9/1/9_67/_pdf

  42. Zulueta-Fulscher, K. (2018). Overcoming the ownership dilemma: contributing to peace and democracy in El Salvador and the Philippines.  Development Policy Review, 36: 0220-0246. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12230

bottom of page