Education Quarterly Reviews
ISSN 2621-5799
Published: 11 April 2023
The Impact of Self-motivation on the Effective Job Performance of Staff: A Case Study of a Private Hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Emma Juliana Adnan, Ali Sorayyaei Azar
Management and Science University, Malaysia
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1993.06.02.734
Pages: 11-28
Keywords: Self-Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Effective Job Performance
Abstract
Like many other methodological motivations, the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction has been defined in many psychology studies. The model of impacts of rewards towards job satisfaction has been used by many organizations for their approach and reference. However, little research has been done to explore the impacts of self-motivation amongst staff at a private hospital in Kuala Lumpur towards their effective job performance. The paper is derived from factors that influence staff motivations and how these motivations can affect their job performance, using quantitative research data collection. The theory and results of the study are also briefly discussed. The Table of Reliability, Correlation and Regression analysis is presented in this thesis study for further reference. The results of this study suggest that the relationship between self-motivation and performance is a two-way relationship, where performance is also a key measure of a person’s job satisfaction in his or her job. High job satisfaction, especially in the element of supervision, co-workers and the work itself can improve the emotions and behavior of employees in the workplace, as well as motivate employees to become more committed to attaining better performance.
References
Abidin, A. Z. (2020). Analysis of the effect of work motivation on nurse performance at PUSKESMAS. Economics and Education Journal (Ecoducation), 2 (2), 131–141.
Ahlstedt, C., Lindvall, C. E., Holmström, I. K., & Athlin, Å. M. (2019). What makes registered nurses remain in work? An ethnographic study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 89, 32–38.
Andriani, S., Kesumawati, N., & Kristiawan, M. (2018). The influence of the transformational leadership and work motivation on teachers’ performance. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7 (7), 19–29.
Apostle, R., Kasdan, L., & Hanson, A. (1985). Work satisfaction and community attachment among fishermen in southwest Nova Scotia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42 (2), 256–267. https://doi.org/10.1139/f85- 033
Ardita, V., Novieastari, E., & Gayatri, D. (2019). Effectiveness of assertive communication training in efforts to increase on work motivation affiliation nurse practitioner at regional general hospitals in Southeast Sulawesi. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2092 (1), 040012. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5096745
Azar, A. S., & Sahar, S. A. B. M. (2021). Factors Affecting Malaysian Undergraduate Students’ Motivation in
Improving English Proficiency in Academic Environments. In Higher Education Challenges in South-East Asia (pp. 35-73). IGI Global.
Bartenstein, A. (2021). Research framework. The Concept of Solidarity, 32-117.
Breaugh, J., Ritz, A., & Alfes, K. (2018). Work motivation and public service motivation: disentangling varieties of motivation and job satisfaction. Public Management Review, 20 (10), 1423–1443. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2017.1400580
Breed, M., Downing, C., & Ally, H. (2020). Factors influencing motivation of nurse leaders in a private hospital group in Gauteng, South Africa: A quantitative study. Curationis, 43 (1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v43i1.2011
Catalina, I. (2018). Managerial engagement in staff motivation at the organizations from the Republic of Moldova [Doctoral thesis]. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova.
Çetin, F., & Aşkun, D. (2018). The effect of occupational self-efficacy on work performance through intrinsic work motivation. Management Research Review, 41 (2), 186–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-03-2017-0062
Chigozie, M. P., Chijioke, E., & Chukwudi, G. F. (2018). Effectiveness of staff motivation strategies in manufacturing companies in Enugu State. International Journal of Business Economics and Management Research, 9 (6), 1–20.
Chromjakova, F. (2016). Flexible man-man motivation performance management system for Industry 4.0. International Journal of Management Excellence, 7 (2), 829–840. https://doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v7i2.855
Cronbach, L. J. (1961). In Essentials of Psychological Testing. New York, United States: Harper and Row Publisher.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2008). Facilitating optimal motivation and psychological well-being across life’s domains. Canadian Psychology, 49 (1), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/0708-5591.49.1.14
Demirhan, B. S., Gezginci, E., & Goktas, S. (2020). The effect of leadership behaviours of nurse managers on nurses’ work motivation. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 13 (1), 381–391.
Djukic, M., Fletcher, J., Stimpfel, A. W., & Kovner, C. (2020). Variables associated with nurse-reported quality improvement participation. Nurse Leader, 19 (1), 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2020.06.009
Doloh, N., Tamtomo, D., & Sulaeman, E. S. (2018). Factors affecting work performance among nurses in delivering health service for the national health insurance patients at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta. Journal of Health Policy and Management, 3 (1), 20–25. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2018.03.01.03
Egan, T. M., Yang, B., & Bartlett, K. R. (2004). The effects of organizational learning culture and job satisfaction on motivation to transfer learning and turnover intention. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15 (3), 279–301. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1104 .
Faisal, A. & Al-Rasheed, A. (2021). Self-Motivation and Creativity in work. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11, 154-165.
Ferris, K. R. (1977). A test of the expectancy theory of motivation in an accounting environment. Accounting Review, 52 (3), 605–615.
Francis‐Coad, J., Hang, J. A., Etherton‐Beer, C., Ellis, A., & Hill, A. M. (2019). Evaluation of care staff knowledge, confidence, motivation, and opportunity for preventing falls in residential aged care settings: A cross‐sectional survey. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 14 (2), e12224. https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.12224
French, D., & Saward, H. (1983). Dictionary of management (2nd ed.). Aldershot.
Frey, B. S. (1997). On the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic work motivation. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 15 (4), 427–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(96)01028-4
Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self‐determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26 (4), 331–362. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.322
Ghaffari, S., Shah, I., Burgoyne, J., Nazri, M. & Salleh, J. (2017). The Influence of Motivation on Job Performance: A Case Study at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia [University Technology Malaysia]. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 11, 92-99.
Ghazali, H., & Turiman, S. (1995). Kepuasan kerja di kalangan pengawal keselamatan Universiti Pertanian [Malaysia Job satisfaction among Universiti Pertanian Malaysia security guards.] Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 3 (1), 21–29.
Gholizade, L., Masoudi, I., Maleki, M. R., Aeenparast, A., & Barzegar, M. (2014). The relationship between job satisfaction, job motivation, and organizational commitment in the healthcare workers: A structural equation modeling study. International Journal of Hospital Research, 3 (3), 139–144.
Geiger, N. (2022). Perceptions of Self-Motives and Environmental Activists’ Motives for Pro-Environmental Behavior. Sustainability, 14, 10656.
Gunawan, N. P. I. N., Hariyati, R. T. S., & Gayatri, D. (2019). Motivation as a factor affecting nurse performance in Regional General Hospitals: A factors analysis. Enfermeria Clinica, 29, 515–520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.078
Hair Jr., J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis (5th ed.). Prentice-Hall International.
Halkos, G., & Bousinakis, D. (2010). The effect of stress and satisfaction on productivity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/17410401011052869
Heneman, R. L., Greenberger, D. B., & Strasser, S. (1988). The relationship between pay‐for‐performance perceptions and pay satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 41 (4), 745–759. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1988.tb00651.x
Herzberg, F. (2003). One more time: how do you motivate employees? 1968. Harvard Business Review, 81(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-02701-9_2
Hidayah, N., & Fadila, E. N. (2019). Transformational leadership directly and indirectly effect on nurse performance: Organizational cultural as intervening variables. Asian Social Work Journal, 4(1),1–10. https://doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v4i1.77
Igalens, J., & Roussel, P. (1999). A study of the relationships between compensation package, work motivation and job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 29 (7), 1003–1025. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099- 1379(199912)20:7<1003::AID-JOB941>3.0.CO;2-K
Kanfer, R., Frese, M., & Johnson, R. E. (2017). Motivation related to work: A century of progress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102 (3), 338–355. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000133
Kanli, E. (2022). Research Methodology. In: Experimental Investigations on Joining Techniques for Paper Structures. Mechanik, Werkstoffe und Konstruktion im Bauwesen [Mechanics, materials and construction in civil engineering], 60. Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden.
Katzell, R. A. (1975). Work, productivity, and job satisfaction: An evaluation of policy-related research. Psychological Corp.
Lambrou, P., Kontodimopoulos, N., & Niakas, D. (2010). Motivation and job satisfaction among medical and nursing staff in a Cyprus public general hospital. Human Resources for Health, 8 (1), 26: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-8-26
Leach, M. P. (1998). The effects of self-regulatory training on salesperson job satisfaction and performance: Examining the role of self-regulation skills and self-efficacy [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia State University.
Locke, E. A. (1988). What Is job satisfaction. Journal of Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 4, 309–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(69)90013-0
Lussier, R. N. (1990). Should your organization use job sharing? Supervision, 1(4), 9– 11.
Machara, L., & Jain, P. (2016). Factors affecting staff motivation in public libraries: A case of selected public libraries in Botswana. Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies, 34 (1),101–122. https://doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/686
Manning, J. (2016). The influence of nurse manager leadership style on staff nurse work engagement. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 46 (9), 438–443. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNA.0000000000000372
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. Harper and Row.
McNeese-Smith, D. (1996). Increasing employee productivity, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Journal of Healthcare Management, 41 (2), 160– 175.
Mikhailova, A. (2021). Self-determination impact on motivation in the conditions of professional education. Historical and social-educational ideas, 13, 123- 133.
Mullins, L. J. (1989). Management and organizational behaviour. Pitman Publishing.
Muse, L. A., & Stamper, C. L. (2007). Perceived organizational support: Evidence for a mediated association with work performance. Journal of Managerial Issues, 19 (4), 517–535.
Nash, M. N. (1985). Making people productive. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Odukah, M. E. (2016). Factors influencing staff motivation among employees: A case study of Equator Bottlers (Coca Cola) Kenya. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 4 (2), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2016.42008
Olafsen, A. H., Deci, E. L., & Halvari, H. (2018). Basic psychological needs and work motivation: A longitudinal test of directionality. Motivation and Emotion, 42 (2), 178–189.
Panait, C. A., & Panait, N. G. (2018). Trends in Non-Financial Motivation Policies of Employees. Global Economic Observer, 6 (1), 148–154.
Pardoe, J., Vincent, K., & Conway, D. (2018). How do staff motivation and workplace environment affect capacity of governments to adapt to climate change in developing countries? Environmental Science & Policy, 90, 46–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.09.020
Pettijohn, C., Pettijohn, L., & Taylor, A. J. (2008). Salesperson perceptions of ethical behaviors: Their influence on job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Journal of Business Ethics, 78 (4), 547–557.
Phinari, H., & Bernarto, I. (2020). The effect of motivation, work environment, and transformational leadership on nurse performance (case in S hospital). Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 1 (5), 685–694. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v1i5.281
Pool, S. W. (1997). The relationship of job satisfaction with substitutes of leadership, leadership behavior, and work motivation. The Journal of Psychology, 131(3), 271–283.
Porter, L. W., & Lawler, E. E. (1968). Managerial attitudes and performance. Dorsey Press.
Pundati, T. M., Tamtomo, D., & Sulaeman, E. S. (2018). Motivation, competence, workload, and their association with nurse performance in Dr. Arif Zaenudin Hospital, Surakarta. Journal of Health Policy and Management, 3 (2), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2018.03.02.01
Purwanti, E., Lestari, S., & Novyriana, E. (2020). Correlation between work motivation towards caring behaviour of nurse at the inpatient ward of class III. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 2 (3), 265– 278. https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v2i3.134
Reyazi, N. & Aghaei, A. (2019). The relationship between strategic human resource management and job performance with the role of knowledge management Sayyad Shirazi hospital staff Gorgan. Journal of Management and Accounting Studies, 5, 24-28.
Schultz, D. P. (1982). Psychology and industry today. Macmillan.
Sutarto, A., Joebagio, H., & Pawito, P. (2017). Relationship between motivation, competence, workload, and nurse performance, in Dr. Soediran Mangun Sumarso Hospital, Wonogiri, Indonesia. Journal of Health Policy and Management, 1 (2), 78–94. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2016.01.02.03
Siew, PL., Chitpakdee, B. & Chontawan, R. (2020). Factors Predicting Organizational Commitment among Nurses in State Hospitals, Malaysia. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 10.
Tietjen, M. A., & Myers, R. M. (1998). Motivation and job satisfaction. Management Decision, 36 (4), 226–231. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749810211027
Verbeke, W., & Viaene, J. (1999). Beliefs, attitude, and behaviour towards fresh meat consumption in Belgium: Empirical evidence from a consumer survey. Food Quality and Preference, 10 (6), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0950-3293(99)00031-2
Viswanathan, H. N., Mutebi, A., Milmont, C. E., Gordon, K., Wilson, H., Zhang, H., Klekotka, P., Revicki, D. A., Augustin, M., & Kricorian, G. (2017). Measurement properties of the patient-reported Psoriasis symptom inventory daily diary in patients with moderate to severe Plaque Psoriasis. Value in Health, 20 (3), 1174–1179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2016.11.020
Wan Ahmad, W. R. (2000). Kajian kepuasan kerja di kalangan kakitangan pensyarah dan hubungkaitnya dengan hasrat untuk berhenti kerja : Kajian kes [A study of job satisfaction among lecturers and its relationship with the intention to quit: Case studies], Kolej L&G-Twintech Institute of Technology [Master’s thesis]. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Faculty of Management.