Comparative Case Study on Institutionalization of Ruling Parties Under Military Authoritarianism: Democratic Republican Party Under Park Chung-Hee Regime in South Korea (1961-1979) and GOLKAR Under Suharto Regime in Indonesia (1966-1998)
top of page
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute

Journal of Social and Political

Sciences

ISSN 2615-3718 (Online)

ISSN 2621-5675 (Print)

asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
asia insitute of research, journal of social and political sciences, jsp, aior, journal publication, humanities journal, social journa
crossref
doi
open access

Published: 11 December 2019

Comparative Case Study on Institutionalization of Ruling Parties Under Military Authoritarianism: Democratic Republican Party Under Park Chung-Hee Regime in South Korea (1961-1979) and GOLKAR Under Suharto Regime in Indonesia (1966-1998)

Sungdeuk Lee, Burhan Djabir Magenda

University of Indonesia, Indonesia

journal of social and political sciences
pdf download

Download Full-Text Pdf

doi

10.31014/aior.1991.02.04.134

Pages: 965-976

Keywords: Democratic Republican Party, GOLKAR, Indonesia, Institutionalization of Political Party, Military Authoritarian Regime, Ruling Party, South Korea

Abstract

South Korea and Indonesia have experienced similar military political interventions and coups which brought a long military authoritarian regime. Strong military authoritarian regime with their own ruling parties could last for 18 years in South Korea and 32 years in Indonesia. In South Korea, Park Chung-hee Regime ended in 1979 when he was murdered by his subordinates, which was followed by the dissolution of the ruling party, Democratic Republican Party (Jeong, 2009, p. 29). Whereas in Indonesia, the reform movement with socio-political instability by the economic crisis in 1997 resulted the collapse of Suharto's hegemony and authoritarian regime in 1998 while the ruling party, Golkar still exists today. This study aims to find answers to why there have been differences in the end of both parties, related with the political party institutionalization. And this study would like to show that the Democratic Republican Party failed to be institutionalized while the Golkar Party could survive and win the election again. Thus, this study would like to say that the level of institutionalization must be different in the Democratic Republican Party and the Golkar Party.

References

  1. Alagappa, M. (1995). Contestation and Crisis: In Political Legitimacy in Southeast Asia, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  2. Alagappa, M. (2001). Coercion and Governance: The Declining Political Role the Military in Asia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  3. Alagappa, M. (2004). Civil Society and Political Change in Asia: Expanding and Contracting Democratic Space, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  4. Anderson, B. R. (1972). Java in a Time of Revolution Occupation and Resistance 1944-1946. London: Cornell University Press
  5. Anderson, B. R., McVey, R. T., & Bunnell, F. P. (1971). A Preliminary Analysis of the October 1, 1965, Coup in Indonesia Interim Reports Series. Ithaca, N.Y.,: Modern Indonesia Project Cornell University,.
  6. Anderson, D. C. (1976). The Military Aspects of the Madiun Affair. Indonesia
  7. Apter, D. (2003). The Politics of Modernization. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  8. Armor, D. (2002). Military Sociology, in Encyclopedia of Sociology. Ed.Edgar F. Borgatta and Marie L. Borgatta Vol.3. New York: MacMillan.
  9. Aspinall, E. (1995). Students and the Military: Regime Friction and Civilian Dissent in the Late Suharto Period. Indonesia 59, no. April: 21-44.
  10. Aspinall, E. (2005). Opposing Suharto- Compromise, Resistance and Regime Change in Indonesia,California: Stanford University Press.
  11. Barber, W. F., & Ronning, C.N. (1966). International Security and Military Power: Counter Insurgency and Civil Action in Latin America. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
  12. Berghahn, V. R. (1982). Militarism: The History of an International Debate, 1861-1979. New York: St. Martin's Press.
  13. Bertrand, J. (1996). False Starts, Succession Crises, and Regime Transition: Flirting with Openness in Indonesia. Pacific Affairs Vol. 69 no. 3: 319-340
  14. Fatah, E. S. (1998). Notes on the Failure of the New Order Politics, Yogyakarta: PT Pustaka Pelajar.
  15. Fauzi, O. A. (2015). Golkar Party Leadership in Maintaining Existence in the Transition Era Towards Democracy, Thesis: UI Depok.
  16. Finer, S. E. (2002). The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politic. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
  17. Forrester, G. (2002). The Fall of Suharto, Australia: C. Hurst & Co Ltd ISBN.174.
  18. Gaffar, A. (1999). Indonesian Politics: Transition Towards Democracy, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
  19. Habibie, B.J. (2006). Seconds Determining: Indonesia's Long Way Towards Democracy, Jakarta: TCH Mandiri.
  20. Haris, S. (1998). Suing the New Order Politics, Jakarta: Grafiti.
  21. Honna, J. (2005). Military Politics and Democratization in Indonesia. New York: Routledge.
  22. Huntingtong, S. P. (1957). The Soldier and the State. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  23. Huntingtong, S. P. (1968). Political Order in Changing Societies.Yale: Yale Univ. Press.
  24. Janowitz, M. (2001). The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. New York: The Free Press.
  25. Janowitz, M. (2002). The Military in the Political Development, of New Nations: An Essay in Comparative Analysis. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  26. Janowitz, M. (2003). Military Elites and the Study of War in Political Conflict: Essays in Political Sociology. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
  27. Janowitz, M. (2004). The Future of the Military Profession, in the Professional Soldier. New York: Free Press.
  28. Jaya, M. A. C. (2012). Implementation of Pancasila in the New Order Period, (Jember: Skripsi KIP Jember University)
  29. Jeong, J.-S. (2009). Democratization and Military Political Withdrawal in South Korea. Daejeon: Prima Books.
  30. Karmeli, E. (2008). “Indonesian Economic Crisis,” in Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics, Vol. 2. No. 2.
  31. Kim, Y.-H. & Jung, Y.-H. (1981). Economic Deveopoment Process in South Korea. Seoul: Dolbegae.
  32. Lasswell, H. (1941). The Threat Ingredient in the Garrison-Police State, in National Security and Individual Freedom. New York: Free Press.
  33. Legowo, T.A. (2005). dkk, DPR in Indonesia, Jakarta: Formappi.
  34. Lieuwen, E. (2001). Arms and Politics in Latin America. New York: Praeger.
  35. Lijphart, A. (1992). Democratization and Constitutional Choices in Czecho-Slovakia, Hungary, and Poland, 1989-1991. Journal of Theoretical Politics 4, No. 2, 207-223.
  36. Maftuh, B. (2008). "Internalization of Pancasila Values and Nationalism Through Citizenship Education," in Journal Educationist Vol. II No. 2 July 2008, ISSN: 1907-8838.
  37. Mehden, F. R. (1964). Politics of the Developing Nations. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.
  38. Mietzner, M. (2011). The Political Resurgence of the Military in Southeast Asia Conflict and leadership, New York: Routledge.
  39. Moon, C.-G. (1994). Dissension Analysis Between South Korea and U.S.A. Seoul: Nanam.
  40. Moskos, Jr. C. C. (1974). The Military-Industrial Complex: theoretical Antecedents and Conceptual Contradictions, pp.3-23 in the Military Industrial Complex: A. Reassessment, edited by Sam C. Sarkesian. Beverly Hills. Ca: Sage.
  41. Noer, H. H. (2014). The neutrality of Indonesian Bureaucracy, Jakarta: PT. Elex Media Komputindo.
  42. Nordlinger, E. (1977). Soldeirs in Politics: Military Coups and Governments, Englewood Calif.: Prentice-Hall
  43. Notosusanto, N. & Saleh, I. (1991). The National Tragedy of the KUP G 30 S PKI Trial in Indonesia, (Jakarta: Lamtoro Gung Persada)
  44. O’Donnell, G. (1973). Modernization and bureaucratic-authoritarianism. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California.
  45. O’Donnell, G., Philippe, C. S., & Whitehead, L. (1986). Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies, Baltimore: The Jon Hopkins University Press
  46. Perlmutter, A. & Bennett, V. P. (1980). The Political Influence of the Military: A Comparative Reader. Yale: Yale University Press.
  47. Perlmutter, A. (1977). The Military and Politics in Modern Times. Yale: Yale University Press.
  48. Pye, L. (2003). Aspects of Political Development. Boston: Little Brown & Co.
  49. Rachman, A. A. (2006). The image of the public about Golkar, Jakarta: PSAP.
  50. Rodan, G. (1996). Political Oppositions in Industrializing Asia. New York: Routledge.
  51. Said S. (2002). Growth and Dwifungsi Function: Development of Indonesian Military Political Thought 1958-2000, Jakarta: Aksara Karunia.
  52. Stepan, A. (2000). The Military in Political: Changing Patterns in Brazil. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  53. Suryadinata. (1971). The Military in Indonesia, Ministry of Information, Republic of Indonesia, Edition No. 61/71.
  54. Tanjung, A. (2008). The Golkar Way: Survival of the Golkar Party in the Midst of the Political Turbulence of the Transitional Era, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
  55. Van Langenberg, M. (1990). “The New Order State: Languange, Ideologi and Hegemony” in Arif Budiman (ed), State and Civil Society in Indonesia, Center of Southeast Asian Studies: Monas Univeristy.
  56. Woo, J.-S. (2011). Security Challenges and Military Politics in East Asia. From State Building to Post Democratization. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group.
bottom of page