Journal of Social and Political
Sciences
ISSN 2615-3718 (Online)
ISSN 2621-5675 (Print)
Published: 11 April 2022
Social Anhedonia among Academics: The Role of Type A Personality, Age & Gender Differences
Reem Khamees Mahdi
University of Baghdad
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1991.05.02.345
Pages: 35-43
Keywords: Anhedonia, Type A, Gender, Personality, Non-Patient, University
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the role of Type A personality TAP, age, and gender differences in social anhedonia (SA). Participants: University of Baghdad non-patient academics (Number = 400) (females = 250, Males = 150) at ages 25-60, with a mid-range of 42.5 years old. Measures: The Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (40 items) and Howard Glazer Questionnaire (20 items) were applied. Data Analysis: The validity and reliability have been examined. When applying the Pearson Correlation, r between SA and TAP was 0.347. Type A1 personality ( the highest score on TAP scale ) had the highest score in SA. Results: There is a weak positive correlation between Type A personality and SA. Age can affect SA; older individuals tend to be more anhedonic. Females had higher scores on SA than males. Discussion: the relationship between SA and TAP required several studies of larger samples in different environments to determine the nature of this relationship and to ensure the positive correlation between them.
References
Batigün, A. D., &Şahin, N. H. (2006). Type-A Personality and Job Satisfaction: Two Scales for Job Stress and Health Psychology Research. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 17 (1), 1-13.
Benjamins, M. R., Musick, M. A., Gold, D. T., & George, L. K. (2003). Age-Related Declines in Activity Level: The Relationship Between Chronic Illness and Religious Activities. The Journal of Gerontology, 58(6), S377-S385,https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/58.6.S377.
Buecker, S., Maes, M., Denissen, J. J., & Luhmann, M. (2020). Loneliness and the Big Five Personality Traits: A Meta-analysis. European Journal of Personality, 34, 8-28, https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2229.
Chmielewski, P. M., Fernandes, L. O., Yee, C. M., & Miller, G. A. (1995). Ethnicity and gender in scales of psychosis proneness and mood disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104 (3), 464-470, doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.104.3.464. PMID: 7673570.
Cvjetkovic-Bosnjak, M. M., Soldatovic-Stajic, B. S., Babovic, S. S., & Sakac, V. (2016). Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms Among Inpatients. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 26 (3), 248-256,https://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20151202102254.
Dodell- Feder, D., & Germine, L. (2018). Epidemiological Dimensions of Social Anhedonia. Clinical Psyhcological Science, 6 (5), 735-743,https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702618773740.
Dotson, V. (2018, May 31). Is Losing Interest and Motivation Inevitable As We Age? Retrieved 12 3, 2021, from psychologybenefits.org:https://psychologybenefits.org/2018/05/31/is-losing-interest-and-motivation-inevitable-as-we-age/
Eckblad, M., Chapman, L. J., Chapman, J. P., & Mishlove, M. (1982). The revised social anhedonia scale. Madison: University of Wisconsin.
Fakoya, O. A., McCorry, N. K., & Donnelly, M. (2020). Loneliness and social isolation interventions for older adults: a scoping review of reviews. BMC Public Health, 20 (29),https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8251-6.
Glazer, H. (1979). The Glazer-Stress Control Lifestyle Questionnaire. In G. Philip, Executive Health (p. 272). McGraq-Hill.
Goldstein, B. L., Mumper, E. E., Behari, K., Gooding, D. C., & Klein, D. N. (2021). Examining Personality, Interpersonal, and Symptom Correlates of Social Anhedonia in Early Adolescent Males and Females. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 41 (6), https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431620968888.
GhorbaniAmir, H. A., Gatab, T. A., & Shayan, N. (2011, 2010-2008). Relationship between Type A Personality and Mental Health. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.390.
Grillo, L. (2012). Might the inability to feel pleasure (anhedonia) explain the symptoms of major depression and schizophrenia, including unmotivated anxiety, delusions and hallucinations? Medical Hypotheses, 78 (1), 98-101, doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.002. PMID: 22036091.
Grillo, L. (2016, March 2). A Possible Role of Anhedonia as Common Substrate for Depression and Anxiety. Depression Research and Treatment .1598130.https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1598130.
Henning-Smith, Carrie; Ecklund, Alexandra; Moscovice, Ira; Kozhimannil, Katy. (2018, Aug.). Gender Differences in Social Isolation and Social Support among Rural Residents. Retrieved Mar. 15, 2022, from rhrc.umn.edu:https://rhrc.umn.edu/wp-content/files_mf/1532458325UMNpolicybriefsocialisolationgenderdifferences.pdf
Kanten, P., Gümüştekin, G., & Kanten, S. (2017). Exploring the Role of A, B, C and D Personality Types on IndividualsWork-Related Behaviors and Health Problems: A Theoretical Model. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 6 (7), 29-37.
Kwapil, T. R., Barrantes-Vidal, N., & Silvia, P. J. (2008). The Dimensional Structure of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales: Factor Identification and Construct Validity. Schizophr Bull., 34 (3), 444-457, doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbm098. PMID: 17768308; PMCID: PMC2632435.
Lampe, I. K., Kahn, R. S., & Heeren, T. J. (2001). Apathy, anhedonia, and psychomotor retardation in elderly psychiatric patients and healthy elderly individuals. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol., 14 (1), 11-6,doi: 10.1177/089198870101400104. PMID: 11281310.
Langvik, E., Hjemdal, O., & Nordahl, H. M. (2016). Personality traits, gender differences and symptoms of anhedonia: What does the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) measure in nonclinical settings? Scand J Psychol, 57 (2), 144-51, doi: 10.1111/sjop.12272. PMID: 26861735.
Lindberg, S. (2021, Dec. 3). Work Depression: How to Take Care of Your Mental Health on the Job. Retrieved Mar. 15, 2022, from healthline.com: https://www.healthline.com/health/depression/work-depression.
Lussier, A., & Loas, G. (2015). Relationship between Type D Personality and Anhedonia: A Dimensional Study of University Students. Psychological Reports, 116 (3), 855-860,https://doi.org/10.2466/09.02.PR0.116k27w2.
Marcum, C. S. (2013). Age Differences in Daily Social Activities. Res Aging., 35 (5), 612-640, doi: 10.1177/0164027512453468.
Martin, E. A., Cicero, D. C., Bailey, D. H., Karcher, N. R., & Kerns, J. G. (2016). Social Anhedonia is not just extreme introversion: emperical evidence of distinct constructs. Journal of Personality Disorders, 30 (4), 451- 468,https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2015_29_203.
McLeod, S. (2021). Type A and B Personality. Retrieved Mar. 2, 2022, from simplepsychology.com: https://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-a.html
Olson, E. A., Pizzagalli, D. A., & Rosso, I. M. (2021). Social Anhedonia is Associated with Low Social Network Diversity in Trauma-Exposed Adults. J Trauma Stress, 34 (1), 241-247, doi: 10.1002/jts.22577. PMID: 32816343; PMCID: PMC7903974.
World Health Organaization, W. H. O. (2007). Cross-cutting gender issues in women's healthin the eastern mediterranean region.Retrieved Mar. 15, 2022, from https://applications.emro.who.int/dsaf/dsa758.pdf
Petticrew, M. P., Lee, K., & McKee, M. (2012). Type A Behavior Pattern and Coronary Heart Disease: Philip Morris’s “Crown Jewel”. American Journal of Public Health, 102 (11), 2018-2025,https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300816.
Rey, G., Knoblauch, K., Prévost, M., Komano, O., Jouvent, R., & Dubal, S. (2010). Visual modulation of pleasure in subjects with physical and social anhedonia. Psychiatry Research, 176(2-3), 155-160,doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.11.015. PMID: 20170967.
Rueda, A. (2019). Gender Differences in Rates of Anhedonia and the Effect of Menstrual Cycles in University Students, https://ecommons.udayton.edu/roesch_symposium_content/18/.
Schiraldi, G. R., & Beck, K. H. (1988). Personality correlates of the Jenkins Activity Survey. Social Behavior and Personality, 16 (1), 109-116, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1988.16.1.109.
Sharpley, C. F., Hussain, R., Wark, S. G., Bitsika, V., McEvoy, M. A., & Attia, J. R. (2017). Prevalence of depressed mood versus anhedonia in older persons: implications for clinical practice. Asia Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 8 (1), 3-14, https://doi.org/10.1080/21507686.2016.1249382.
Sibai, O., Figueiredo, B., & Ferreira, M. C. (2019, January 29). Overworked and isolated: the rising epidemic of loneliness in academia. Retrieved 12 3, 2021, from theconversation.com: https://theconversation.com/overworked-and-isolated-the-rising-epidemic-of-loneliness-in-academia-110009
Silvia, P. J., & Kwapil, T. R. (2011). Aberrant Asociality: How Individual Differences in Social Anhedonia Illuminate the Need to Belong. Journal of Prsonality , 79 (6), 1315-1332, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00702.x.
Vandervoort, D. (2000). Social isolation and gender. Current Psychology , 19, 229-236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-000-1017-5.
Whaite, E. O., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Colditz, J. B., & Primack, B. (2018). Social Media Use, Personality Characteristics, and Social Isolation among young adults in teh United Sates. Personality and Individual Differences, 124, 45-50, https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.030
Why Some People Get Little Pleasure From Social Interaction. (2018, June 27). Retrieved November 10, 2021,from psychologicalscience: https://www.psychologicalscience.org/publications/observer/obsonline/why-some-people-get-little-pleasure-from-social-interaction.html
Zhang, B., Lin, P., Shi, H., Öngür, D., Auerbach, R. P., Wang, X., et al. (2016). Mapping anhedonia-specific dysfunction in a transdiagnostic approach: an ALE meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behavior, 10(3), 920-939, doi: 10.1007/s11682-015-9457-6. PMID: 26487590; PMCID: PMC4838562.