Education Quarterly Reviews
ISSN 2621-5799
Published: 24 February 2024
Online Learning in Marcuse's Critical Theory Perspective
Marselus Ruben Payong
Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1993.07.01.802
Pages: 91-100
Keywords: Online Learning, Critical Theory, Instrumentalization, Alienation
Abstract
This article examines Marcuse's critical theory of online learning practices. Some of Marcuse's criticisms of modern society have important relevance for observing the phenomena of learning innovations that are offered today. This research is a literature study with discourse analysis of a number of Marcuse's writings, both written by himself and collected by his followers in a collection of papers after his death. The results of the study show that: 1) educational practices that utilize modern management principles, especially in the form of standardization and homogenization of policies, have the potential to produce a one-dimensional society as criticized in the 1960s. 2) Online learning, as one of the important revolutions in education that uses technology, has the potential to be a new form of slavery; 3) through the use of artificial technology, online learning can be a form of instrumentalization and manipulation in teacher and student interactions; 4) online learning also has the character of automation, which in the end can lead to alienation processes for students, especially psychological alienation and cultural alienation.
References
Ally, M, (2004), “Foundations of Educational Theory For Online Learning”, in Anderson T., & Elloumi, F., (ed), Theory And Practice Of Online Learning, Canada: Athabasca University.
Allocca, K., (2020), Videocracy, How Youtube is Changing the World…. With Double Rainbows, Singing Fixes, and Other Trends We can’t Stop Watching, New York: Bloomsbury.
Bertens, K., (2019), Filsafat Barat Kontemporer Jilid I, Inggris dan Jerman, (The Western Contenporary Philosophy, Vol. 1), Jakarta: Gramedia.
Bozoglan, B. (2018), Psychological, Social, and Cultural Aspects of Internet Addiction, Harshey, PA: IGI Global.
Carliner, S., (2004), Overview of online learning. Amherst, MA: Human Resource Development Press.
Clark, R., (1983), “Reconsidering Research on Media” in Review of Educational Research, 53 (4), 1983 pp. 445-459.
Comninel, G.C. (2019), Alienation and Emancipation in the Work of Karl Marx, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Fitri, S.F.N, dan Lestari, T., (2020), Pengaruh Kecanduan Bermain Game Online pada Minat Belajar Anak Semasa Pembelajaran Daring (The Effect of Online Game Addiction on the Children Interest of Learning During the Online learning)(https://www.jptam.org/index.php/jptam/article/view/1132)
Fromm, E. (1955), The Sane Society. New York: Rinehart.
Giroux, H. (2007), The University in Chains: Confronting the Military-Industrial-Academic Complex. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.
Hidayat, M.T., Hashim, W., Hamzah, A., (2020), “Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemi Covid-19: Solusi atau Masalah Baru dalam Pembelajaran?” (Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic, Solution or New Issue in Learning?) Journal Civics and Social Studies pp. 103-111.
Illich, I. (1970/2002), Deschooling Society. New York: Marion Boyars.
Kellner, D., (ed.), (1998). Herbert Marcuse: Technology, War, and Fascism. London: Routledge.
Kellner, D., (ed.), (2001). Herbert Marcuse: Towards a Critical Theory of Society. London: Routledge.
Kellner, D., (ed.), (2006). Herbert Marcuse: Art and Liberation. New York: Routledge.
Kellner, D., Lewis, T., Pierce, C., & Cho, D., (2009) (ed.), Marcuse’s Challenge to Education, New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Marcuse, H. 1964. One-dimensional man. Repr., Boston: Beacon, 1991.
Marx, K. 1975. “Compulsory education”, in Padover, S., (ed.), Karl Marx on Education, Women, and Children, 32–33. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Montag, C. & Reuter, M., (ed.), (2017), Internet Addiction, Neuroscientific Approaches and Therapeutical Implications Including Smartphone Addiction,Switzerland: Springer.
Naisbitt, John (2001), High Tech, High Touch,New York: Random House.
Nakaya, (2015), Internet and Social Media Addiction, San Diego CA: Reference Point Press.
Pappehnheim, F., (1959), The Alienation of Moden Man, An Interpretation Based on Marx and Tonnies, New York: Modern Reader Paperback.
Pierce, C., (2009), “Democratizing Science and Technology with Marcuse and Latour”, in Kellner, D., Lewis, T., Pierce, C., & Cho, D., (2009) (ed.), Marcuse’s Challenge to Education, New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
Powell, J., (1995), Beriman untuk Hidup Beriman untuk Mati, (Faith to Live, Faith to Die), Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Price, H.O., (2011), Internet Addiction, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
Saeng, V., (2012), Herbert Marcuse, Perang Semesta Melawan Kapitalisme Global, (Herbert Marcuse, Universal War Against Global Capitalism), Jakarta: Gramedia.
Wendling, A.E. (2009), Karl Marx on Technology and Alienation, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Wilkinson, Gene L., (1980), Media dalam Pembelajaran, Penelitian Selama 60 Tahun, (Media in Instruction, The Research for 60 Years), Jakarta: CV Rajawali.
Young, K.S. & Abreu, C.N., (ed.) (2011), Internet Addiction, A Handbook and Guide to Evaluation and Treatment, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.