Ending the Epidemic of Malaria in Nigeria Towards Attaining SDG Target 3.3.3: A Systematic Review of the Progress in Intervention Coverage
top of page
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute
Asian Institute of Research, Journal Publication, Journal Academics, Education Journal, Asian Institute

Journal of Health and Medical Sciences

ISSN 2622-7258

Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.24.09 AM.png
Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.24.02 AM.png
Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.23.57 AM.png
Screen Shot 2018-08-12 at 1.23.52 AM.png
crossref
doi
open access

Published: 12 April 2024

Ending the Epidemic of Malaria in Nigeria Towards Attaining SDG Target 3.3.3: A Systematic Review of the Progress in Intervention Coverage

Henry Omoregie Egharevba, Margaret Idongesit Ekpenyong

National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Nigeria

journal of social and political sciences
pdf download

Download Full-Text Pdf

doi

10.31014/aior.1994.07.02.314

Pages: 10-22

Keywords: Malaria, Epidemic, SDG Target 3.3.3, Intervention Coverage, Nigerian NMEP

Abstract

Background: Meeting SDG 3, ‘healthy lives and well-being for all,’ is one of the bedeviling challenges of low-/medium income countries like Nigeria whose health index is adversely impacted by the burden of malaria, an epidemic that seems to have defied all interventions aimed at eliminating it and achieving the SDG target. A confounding problem in the efforts so far is the apparent inability to expand and sustain interventions coverage. This review systematically examines available evidence to determine if the current level of malaria intervention coverage in Nigeria could help achieve the SDG target 3.3.3. Methods: Data were systematically extracted through online search of ProQuest databases and BioMed Central website for publication between 1st January 2015 and 3rd February 2024. Of the 26 potential articles that met the inclusion criteria, 12 were selected for quality assessment using the CASP checklist. Seven of the studies reported coverage for seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), while coverage for insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) or long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) interventions was reported by 6 of the publications. One study each reported coverage for indoor-residual spraying (IRS) and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). The findings were thematically discussed. Findings: The included studies were 1 systematic review (SR), 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 household or community campaigns/surveys. Apart from one study, all the others raised questions of external validity due to the small sample size. The descriptive statistics of the evidence showed that the mean intervention coverages for SMC, ITNs/LLINs, IRS, and RDTs, were 40.31%, 50.02%, 51.1% and 39.67%, respectively. Conclusion: The current intervention coverage is not adequate to meet the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) vision/goal of 0:10:5:80:80 and the SDG targets 3.3.3 set for the elimination of malaria by 2025 and 2030, respectively. An incremental minimum annual coverage of about 6.3% is needed over the next 6 years to meet 80% coverage for SMC. The same trajectory is estimated for other intervention components.

References

  1. Abdulrahman, A.I. (2023) ‘The effects of poverty on health outcomes in Nigeria: an ARDL approach’ (Sciendo) Economics and Business, 37, pp. 73–89. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/eb-2023-0005.

  2. Ameh, S., Eme Owoaje, E., Oyo-Ita, A. et al. (2016) ‘Barriers to and determinants of the use of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy in Cross River State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study’, BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16(99), pp. 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0883-2

  3. Balami, A.D., Md. Said, S., Mohd Zulkefi, N.A. et al. (2021) ‘Improving malaria preventive practices and pregnancy outcomes through a health education intervention: A randomized controlled trial’, Malaria Journal, 20 (55), pp. 1-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03586-5

  4. CASP (2024), Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklists. Available at: https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-checklists/ (Accessed 9 February 2024)

  5. De Neve, J-E. and Sachs, J.D. (2020) Sustainable Development and Human Well-Being. (Chapter 6) In: World Happiness Report (2020). John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and Jan-Emmanuel De Neve (Editors) and Lara B. Aknin, Haifang Huang, and Shun Wang (Associate Editors). p. 113-126. Available at: https://happiness-report.s3.amazonaws.com/2020/WHR20.pdf(Accessed: 25 January 2024)

  6. Falade, C. O., Orimadegun, A.E., Olusola, F. I. et al. (2023) ‘Efficacy and safety of pyronaridine–artesunate versus artemether–lumefantrine in the treatment of acute uncomplicated malaria in children in South-West Nigeria: an open-labelled randomized controlled trial’, Malaria Journal, 22(55), pp. 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03586-5

  7. Gutbezahl, J. (February 2, 2021). 5 types of statistical bias to avoid in your analyses. Harvard Business School Online. Available at https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/types-of-statistical-bias(Accessed: 8 February 2024)

  8. Haileselassi, W., Adam, R., Habtemichael, M. et al. (2023) ‘Socio-demographic and economic inequity in the use of insecticide-treated bed nets during pregnancy: a survey-based case study of four sub-Saharan African countries with a high burden of malaria’, Archives of Public Health, 18(64), pp. 1-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-023-01075-6

  9. Hetzel, M. W., Awor, P., Tshefu, A. et al. (2023) ‘Pre-referral rectal artesunate: no cure for unhealthy systems’, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 23(6), pp. 213-217. doi:

  10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00762-9

  11. Ibinaiye, T., Rotimi, K., Balogun, A., et al. (2024) ‘Urban–rural differences in seasonal malaria chemoprevention coverage and characteristics of target populations in nine states of Nigeria: a comparative cross-sectional study’, Malaria Journal, 23(4), pp. 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04825-7

  12. INGEV (2019) Assessment of Human Development Index- Districts Model based on UN Sustainable Development Goals. Available at: https://ingev.org/reports/Assessment_Of_Human_Development_Index_Districts_Model_Based_On_Un_Sustainable_Development_Goals.pdf(Accessed: 25 January 2024)

  13. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) / The World Bank (TWB) (2022) Nigeria Poverty Assessment 2022 – A better future for all Nigerians. Washington DC, World Bank Publication. Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstreams/64607e22-9c2e-52fc-b744-338335716e79/download(Accessed: 25 May 2023).

  14. Iwuafor, A.A., Egwuatu, C.C., Nnachi, A.U.et al. (2016) ‘Malaria parasitaemia and the use of insecticide-treated nets (INTs) for malaria control amongst under-5 year old children in Calabar, Nigeria’, BMC Infectious Diseases, 16(151), pp. 1-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-016-1459-5

  15. Koenker, H., Kilian, A., Hunter, G. et al.(2015) ‘Impact of a behaviour change intervention on long-lasting insecticidal net care and repair behaviour and net condition in Nasarawa State, Nigeria’, Malaria Journal, 14(18), pp.1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-014-0538-6

  16. LaMorte, W.W. and Sullivan, L. (2016) ‘Confounding and Effect Measure Modification’. Boston University School of Public Health. Available at: http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/BS/BS704-EP713_Confounding-EM/BS704- EP713_Confounding-EM2.html (Accessed: 30 December 2022).

  17. McCambridge, J., Witton, J., and Elbourne, D.R. (2014) ‘Systematic review of the Hawthorne effect: new concepts are needed to study research participation effects’, J Clin Epidemiol, 67(3), pp. 267-277. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.08.015

  18. US-President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI). (2017) Malaria implementation assessment in four Nigerian states: Full report. North Carolina, USA, MEASURE Evaluation, NMEP, and PMI/Nigeria. Available at: https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/tr-17-191_en.html(Accessed: 30 January 2024)

  19. National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP), National Population Commission (NPopC), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and ICF International. (2016) Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey 2015. Abuja, Nigeria, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NMEP, NPopC, and ICF International. Available at: https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/MIS20/MIS20.pdf(Accessed: 31 January 2024)

  20. NMEP (2024). National Malaria Elimination Programme. Available at: https://www.health.gov.ng/Source/35/NMEP(Accessed 30 January 2024)

  21. Noguchi, L., Grenier, L., Kabue, M. et al.(2020) ‘Effect of group versus individual antenatal care on uptake of intermittent prophylactic treatment of malaria in pregnancy and related malaria outcomes in Nigeria and Kenya: analysis of data from a pragmatic cluster randomized trial’, Malaria Journal,19(51), pp. 1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-3099-x

  22. Okoro, R.N., Geidam, A.D., Bukar, A.A. et al. (2023) ‘Superiority trial of intermittent treatment with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine versus sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy’, Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9(8), pp. 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43094-023-00460-w

  23. Omojuyigbe, J.O., Owolade, A.J-J., Sokunbi, T.O. et al. (2023) ‘Malaria eradication in Nigeria: State of the nation and priorities for action’, Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 1(100024), pp. 1-4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2023.100024

  24. Onwujekwe O, Mangham-Jefferies L, Cundill B, et al. (2015) ‘Effectiveness of provider and community interventions to improve treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Nigeria: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial’, PLoS ONE, 10(8), pp.1-18. e0133832. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133832

  25. Orobaton, N., Austin, A.M., Abegunde, D.et al. (2016) ‘Scaling-up the use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: results and lessons on scalability, costs and programme impact from three local government areas in Sokoto State, Nigeria’, Malaria Journal, 15(533), pp. 1-24. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1578-x ‘

  26. OSSAP-SDG and UNICEF (2022) Healthy Lives in Nigeria - Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Impact of SDG 3. The Federal Government of Nigeria Office of the Senior Special Assistant to the President on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF Nigeria) https://nationalplanning.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/SDG3-Healthy-Lives-in-Nigeria.pdf

  27. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M.,et al. (2021) ‘The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews’, PLoS medicine, 18(3), pp. 1-15. e1003583. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003583

  28. Pendar, M., Bahrami, S. and Sangachin, F.P. (2020) ‘Analysis and Explanation of Correlation between Human Development and Sustainable Development Indices and Adaptation of these Indices in Iran’, Quarterly Journal of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 9(1), pp. 109-132. doi: https://doi.org/10.30473/EE.2020.7231

  29. PMI (2022) U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative - Nigeria Malaria Operational Plan FY 2022. Retrieved from www.pmi.gov. Available at: https://d1u4sg1s9ptc4z.cloudfront.net/uploads/2022/01/FY-2022-Nigeria-MOP.pdf(Accessed: 31 January 2024)

  30. RBM Partnership to End Malaria, United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS). RBM Partnership to End Malaria - Multisectoral Action Guide to End Malaria. United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) 2021. Available at: https://endmalaria.org/sites/default/files/Multisectoral%20Action%20Guide%20to%20End%20Malaria-EN_FINAL_compressed.pdf(Accessed: 26 January 2024)

  31. Ricci, F. (2012) Social implications of malaria and their relationship with povery. Mediteranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 4(1), pp. 1-10. e2012048. doi: https://doi.org/10.4084/MJHID.2012.048

  32. Solanke, B.L., Soladoye, D.A., Birsirka, I.A.et al. (2023) ‘Utilization of insecticide-treated nets and associated factors among childbearing women in Northern Nigeria’, Malaria Journal, 22(184), pp. 1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04620-4

  33. The Global Fund (2022). Technical Brief: Equity, Human Rights, Gender Equality and Malaria – December 2022. Available at: https://www.theglobalfund.org/media/5536/core_malariagenderhumanrights_technicalbrief_en.pdf(Accessed: 26 January 2024)

  34. Turner, M. (2014) ‘Evidence-Based Practice in Health’. University of Canberra. Available at: https://canberra.libguides.com/evidence(Accessed: 23 March 2023).

  35. WHO (2023a). World Malaria Report 2023. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: https://www.mmv.org/sites/default/files/content/document/world-malaria-report-2023_0.pdf(Accessed: 26 January 2024).

  36. WHO (2023b) Report on malaria in Nigeria 2022. Brazzaville: WHO Regional Office for Africa; 2023. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/372274/9789290234982-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y(Accessed 30 January 2024)

  37. Wollum, A., Burstei, R., Fullman, N. et al. (2015) ‘Benchmarking health system performance across states in Nigeria: a systematic analysis of levels and trends in key maternal and child health interventions and outcomes, 2000–2013’, BMC Medicine, (2015) 13(208), pp. 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0438-9

  38. Zegers de Beyl, C., Koenker, H., Acosta, A.et al. (2016) ‘Multi-country comparison of delivery strategies for mass campaigns to achieve universal coverage with insecticide-treated nets: what works best?’, Malaria Journal,15(58), pp. 1-14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-016-1108-x

bottom of page