Journal of Social and Political
Sciences
ISSN 2615-3718 (Online)
ISSN 2621-5675 (Print)
Published: 08 August 2023
China's Opportunity: Tunxi's Initiation of Economic Reconstruction and Practical Cooperation In Afghanistan 2022
Yusuf Raka Rifaldi, Mansur Juned
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Indonesia
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1991.06.03.430
Pages: 114-121
Keywords: South Asia, Conflict, Economic Diplomacy, Economic Reconstruction, Cooperation
Abstract
South Asia is a region with a high level of conflict. Disputes in the region are still a focus for the international community to resolve. Afghanistan is a country that stands in the South Asia region. The country's urgency has been apparent since the fall of the Ashraf Ghani government to the Taliban. Additionally, the withdrawal of foreign troops, including the United States, Britain, and their allies, has worsened the situation in the country. In this case, the Tunxi meeting tried to communicate with the parties interested in the matter. The Tunxi initiative was undertaken as a bridge to break the communication deadlock of the disputing parties. China led this meeting so that Afghanistan could rise again through economic reconstruction and practical cooperation in Afghanistan. Economic diplomacy is an analytical tool to see China's efforts in developing Afghanistan. The method used is qualitative to provide a clear explanation and more developed research exploration. As a result, China always uses the approach of being a mediating actor in every conflict so that the country can be accepted in almost all world countries. This provides excellent opportunities and benefits for China in securing its economy.
References
Bulos, N. (2022, November 20). With the U.S. out of Afghanistan, China comes calling. Retrieved from pressherald.com: https://www.pressherald.com/2022/11/20/with-the-u-s-out-of-afghanistan-china-comes-calling/
Chaziza, M. (2019). China’s Economic Diplomacy Approach in the Middle East Conflicts. CHINA REPORT 55 : 1 , 24–39.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches.California: SAGE Publications.
Faizee, M., & Schmeier, S. (2023). (PDF) Troubled Waters Between Afghanistan and Iran As Border Troops Clash Over The Helmand River. https://Www.Researchgate.Net/Publication/371206173_Troubled_Waters_Between_Afghanistan_And_Iran_As_Border_Troops_Clash_Over_The_Helmand_River
Felbab, V. (2022). The relationship between schooling and conflict in Afghanistan | Brookings. Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-relationship-between-schooling-and-conflict-in-afghanistan/
Filippo, B. (2023). Afghanistan 2022: Life under the Taliban. Associazione Asia Maior, 411-423.
Jianxue, L. (2022, April 06). Tunxi foreign ministers' meeting may kick off a new journey for Afghanistan. Retrieved from ciis.org.cn: https://www.ciis.org.cn/english/COMMENTARIES/202204/t20220406_8500.html
Karlsson, P., & Mansory, A. (2017). An Afghan dilemma. Education, gender and globalisation in an islamic context. Stockholm : Institute of International Education.
Margono. (2015). Aktor Non-Negara Dalam Hubungan Internasional [Non-state actors in international relations]. Jurnal Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, 105-110.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, t. P. (2022, April 01). The Tunxi Initiative of the Neighboring Countries of Afghanistanon Supporting Economic Reconstruction in and Practical Cooperation with Afghanistan. Retrieved from fmprc.gov.cn: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/202204/t20220401_10662024.html
Pantucci, R. (2022, Mei 03). China Wants Its Investments in Afghanistan to Be Safer Than in Pakistan. Retrieved from foreignpolicy.com: https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/05/03/china-investment-afghanistan-pakistan-security/
Saner Raymond, Y. L. (2001). International Economic Diplomacy: Mutations in Post-modern Times. annual meeting of Directors of Diplomatic Academies (pp. 1-37). Vienna: Birgit Leiteritz.
Seikh, S. R. (2022, April 07). China lends Taliban a slow but sure helping hand. Retrieved from asiatimes.com: https://asiatimes.com/2022/04/china-lends-taliban-a-slow-but-sure-helping-hand/
Sugiyono. (2013). METODE PENELITIAN KUANTITATIF, KUALITATIF, DAN R&D[Quantitative, qualitative, and R&D research method].Bandung: ALFABETA, CV.
Umarov, A. (2017). Assessing China’s New Policy in Afghanistan. Central Asian Affairs, 4, 384-406.
Zhou, J. (2022, Desember 15). Afghanistan and its neighbourhood: A stocktaking of regional cooperation since the Taliban takeover. Retrieved from sipri.org: https://www.sipri.org/commentary/topical-backgrounder/2022/afghanistan-and-its-neighbourhood-stocktaking-regional-cooperation-taliban-takeover