Journal of Social and Political
Sciences
ISSN 2615-3718 (Online)
ISSN 2621-5675 (Print)
Published: 28 December 2020
The 1962 Military Confrontation on Salvaging West Papua: An Analysis on War Theory
Mulyadi, Helda Risman
Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia
Download Full-Text Pdf
10.31014/aior.1991.03.04.240
Pages: 1092-1099
Keywords: War Theory, Deterrent Effect, Political Diplomacy
Abstract
Based on the Round Table Conference between Indonesia and the Netherlands' representatives in 1949, West Papua will be delivered to Indonesia a year later. Nevertheless, the Dutch broke their promise to return West Papua to Indonesian sovereignty. The Dutch continued to insist on West Papua as their land and then increased their military presence in West Papua to prepare for defending the territory. Responding to this, initially, Indonesia made peaceful efforts, namely bilateral diplomacy within the Indonesian-Dutch Union ties, continued with trilateral diplomacy and diplomacy efforts using the Asian African Conference and United Nations organizations. However, Indonesian diplomatic efforts met with deadlock. Hence, another form of diplomacy, the military effort, has been displayed. This study's main aim is to review the 1962 military confrontation on salvaging West Papua in the analysis on war theory. Also, to prove that with sufficient military strength, the country will confidently step up to be the negotiating table winner. The Indonesian military strength at that time was playing a significant role as a deterrent effect. The research uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology method, using data sources from several books and journals available. The result of the research shows that Indonesia absolutely needs a modern and more rigid military force to maintain its sovereignty, protect our Island and its natural resources. Without the deterrent effect of military power, Indonesia will be underestimated in international politics.
References
Agopian, S. (1992). The art of war by Sun Tzu. Index on Censorship, 21(9), 40–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/03064229208535441
Ahlawat, A., B. Mohd Bakar, B. N., Barter, S., Al Subaie, F. B., O’Hara, S., & Slayton, C. (2018). Converting Theory and War Doctrine To Realistic Training for Ensuring the Success of Military Campaign Planning. Jurnal Pertahanan, 4(3), 162. https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v4i3.426
Akbar, F. V. (2011). Konfrontasi Bersenjata Merebut Irian Barat (Rachmad Gustomy (ed.)). Researh Centre for Politics and Goverment.
Coccia, M., & National, I. (2019). Theories and the reasons for war: a survey. Journal of Economic and Social Thought, 6(2), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1453/jest.v6i2.1890
Epa Juliarni. (2019). Sejarah Pemikiran Diplomatik : Konflik Indonsia-Belanda pada KMB dan isu yang belum terselesaikan. Jurnal Mahasiswa Ilmu Sejarah Dan Pendidikan ISSN 1411-1764 Vol. 1 No. 2 Tahun 2019, 1(2), 12–26.
Hans J. Morgenthau. (1948). Politics among Nations. In The University Of Chicago (I). Associate professor of political science.
Hidayat, S., & Sidhha, A. (2018). Indonesia’S Maritime Defence Paradigm Sine Qua Non Global Maritime Fulcrum. Jurnal Pertahanan, 4(3), 136. https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v4i3.406
Jackson, M. O., & Morelli, M. (2011). The reasons for wars: An updated survey. The Handbook on the Political Economy of War, December, 34–57. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781849808323.00009
Juli Suspurwanto. (2020). Kepemimpinan Strategis Jenderal Sudirman Dalam Pengabdiannya Sebagai Prajurit Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Jurnal Strategi Pertahanan Semesta, 6, 27–40.
R.Z Leirissa. (1992). Sejarah Proses Integrasi Irian Java.
Kuitenbrouwer, V. (2016). Beyond the ‘Trauma of Decolonisation’: Dutch Cultural Diplomacy during the West New Guinea Question (1950–62). Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 44(2), 306–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2016.1175736
Lantang, F., & Tambunan, E. M. . (2020). The Internationalization of “West Papua” Issue and Its Impact on Indonesia’s Policy to the South Pacific Region. JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies), 8(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v8i1.6447
Larosa, T. (2019). Redefining Indonesia’s National Security in Ensuring the Survival of Nation. Jurnal Pertahanan, 5(1), 1–18.
Marsono, M., D.A.R., D., & Asmoro, N. (2018). Improvement of Japanese Military Capabilities and Implications on Indonesia’S National Defense. Jurnal Pertahanan, 4(2), 89. https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v4i2.286
Michael Howard and Peter Paret. (1976). Carl Von Clausewitz On War. Oxford University Press.
Pamungkas, C. (2017). The Campaign of Papua Peace Network for Papua Peace Land. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 21(2), 147–159. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.30440
Prabowo, A. P. (2020). The Implementation of the Special Autonomy of Papua. Jurnal Pertahanan, 6(1), 59–74.
Prakoso, L. Y., Suhirwan, S., & Prihantoro, K. (2020). Sea Defense Strategy and Urgency of Forming Maritime Command Center. Jurnal Pertahanan, 6(2), 200. https://doi.org/10.33172/jp.v6i2.721
Reza A.A Wattimena. (2018). Bisakah Perang Dihindari ? Ary Suta Center Series for Strategic Management Oktober 2018 Vol 43, 43(October). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328411865
Risman, H., Widodo, P., & Sumertha, G. K. (2018). Kebijakan strategis pemberdayaan diaspora Indonesia untuk pertahanan negara. Jurnal Prodi Strategi Perang Semesta, 4(2), 37–58.
Rollings, L. B. (2010). The West Papua dilemma. Research Online Universitry of Wollongong. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3276
Sadhyoko, J. A. (2015). Pertempuran Laut Aru: Tonggak awal penanaman jiwa bahari. Humanika, 22(2).
Samuel P Huntington. (1967). The Soldier and The state. The Belknap press of Harvard University press.
Santoso, M. A. (2013). Perkembangan Konstitusi Di Indonesia. Yustisia Jurnal Hukum, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v2i3.10168
van der Dennen, J. M. G. (2005). On War: Concepts, Definitions, Research Data. Yearbook on Peace and Conflict Studies, 128–189. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/12857871.pdf