Socioeconomic Determinants of Stunting According to Country Income Grouping: Panel Data Analysis

Wilson Rajagukguk, Omas Bulan Samosir, Perak Samosir, Swanto Sirait, Anthony Tampubolon, Frengky Sitorus, Ruth Natasha

Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Institut Teknologi Indonesia, Universitas Bunda Mulia

Stunting remains a global problem that needs to be addressed, not only in low- and middle-income countries but also in high-income countries. Goal 2 of Sustainable Development Goals 30 aims to create a world free from hunger by 2030 (UN, 2015). This study was conducted to identify the determinants of stunting in countries stratified by income. Data were obtained from the World Bank Indicator (2026), categorizing countries by income into low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income groups. The analysis method used was linear regression with panel data. The time period covered the study was 2005–2024. The analysis showed that access to electricity, access to clean fuels and cooking technologies, women's business, and the Law Index Score (scale 1–100) were associated with reduced stunting. Meanwhile, the variables carbon intensity of GDP (kg CO2e per 2021 PPP $ of GDP) and unemployment (% of total labor force) increased stunting prevalence.

Article link: https://www.asianinstituteofresearch.org/JEBarchives/socioeconomic-determinants-of-stunting-according-to-country-income-grouping%3A-panel-data-analysis